Symptoms Drug-induced prolongation of the QT interval can rarely lead to severe arrhythmias. This is polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, known as torsade de pointes arrhythmia. It can be seen on the ECG as a wave-like structure. Due to the dysfunction, the heart cannot maintain blood pressure and can only pump insufficient blood and oxygen to the … Prolongation of the QT Interval
Products Biperiden is commercially available as tablets, sustained-release tablets, and a solution for injection (Akineton, Akineton retard). It has been approved in many countries since 1958. Structure and properties Biperiden (C21H29NO, Mr = 311.46 g/mol) is present in drugs as biperidene hydrochloride, a white crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble in water. It is a … Biperides
Products Pethidine is commercially available as a solution for injection. It has been approved in many countries since 1947. The drug is subject to strict control as a narcotic and is available only by prescription. Structure and properties Pethidine (C15H21NO2, Mr = 247.3 g/mol) is a phenylpiperidine derivative. In pharmaceuticals, it is present as pethidine … Pethidine
Products Methadone is commercially available as tablets, injectable solution, and oral solution (e.g., Ketalgin, Methadone Streuli). Methadone solutions are also prepared in pharmacies as extemporaneous preparations. Structure and properties Methadone (C21H27NO, Mr = 309.45 g/mol) is a synthetically prepared derivative of pethidine, which is itself a derivative of atropine. It is chiral and exists as … Methadone
Products In medicine, drugs with the active ingredient atropine are mainly used. Preparations from the leaves are less common today. In alternative medicine, belladonna is widely used, but mainly in the form of strong homeopathic dilutions. Stem plant Belladonna, a member of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), is native to Europe. The genus name is derived … Belladonna: Medicinal Uses
Products Diphenoxylate is not commercially available in many countries. Combination products with atropine sulfate are commercially available in the United States. Structure and properties Diphenoxylate (C30H32N2O2, Mr = 452.6 g/mol) is present in drugs as diphenoxylate hydrochloride, a white crystalline powder that is very sparingly soluble in water. It is a derivative of pethidine and … Diphenoxylate
Products Haloperidol is commercially available as tablets, drops (Haldol), and as a solution for injection (Haldol, Haldol decanoas). It has been approved in many countries since 1960. Structure and properties Haloperidol (C21H23ClFNO2, Mr = 375.9 g/mol) is a derivative of pethidine, which is itself derived from atropine. It has structural similarity to loperamide. Haloperidol exists … Haloperidol
Products Rasagiline is commercially available in tablet form (Azilect). It has been approved in many countries since 2005. Generic versions were first released in 2015. Structure and properties Rasagiline (C12H13N, Mr = 171.24 g/mol) is an aminoindan derivative and has an asymmetric carbon atom. Therapeutic uses are found for the -enantiomer. It is present in … Rasagiline
Products Fentanyl is commercially available in many countries in the form of lozenges, buccal tablets, sublingual tablets, as a fentanyl patch (e.g., Durogesic, generic), and as a solution for injection. It is a narcotic and is subject to enhanced prescription requirements. Structure and properties Fentanyl (C22H28N2O, Mr = 336.5 g/mol) exists as a white powder … Fentanyl: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Moclobemide is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Aurorix, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1990. Structure and properties Moclobemide (C13H17ClN2O2, Mr = 268.74 g/mol) is a morpholine and chlorinated benzamide derivative. It exists as a white to yellowish white or reddish powder and is sparingly soluble in water. … Moclobemide
Products Piritramid is available in Germany and Austria as a solution for injection (Dipidolor). No drugs containing the active ingredient are approved in many countries. Structure and properties Piritramide (C27H34N4O, Mr = 430.6 g/mol) is a diphenylpropylamine derivative developed at Janssen. It is structurally related to pethidine and fentanyl. Effects Piritramide (ATC N02AC03) has analgesic … Piritramid
Background Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a neurotransmitter biosynthesized from the amino acid tryptophan by decarboxylation and hydroxylation. It binds to seven different families of the serotonin receptor (5-HT1 to 5-HT7) and elicits central and peripheral effects that affect mood, behavior, sleep-wake cycle, thermoregulation, pain perception, appetite, vomiting, muscles, and nerves, among others. Serotonin is vasoconstrictive … Serotonin Syndrome: Causes and Treatment
