MRNA Vaccines

Products mRNA vaccines are commercially available as injectables. The first in this group to be approved in many countries was BNT162b2 from BioNTech and Pfizer on December 19, 2020. Moderna’s mRNA-1273 is also an mRNA vaccine. It was released in the EU on January 6, 2021. Both are covid-19 vaccines. Structure and properties mRNA (short … MRNA Vaccines

Nucleic Acids

Structure and properties Nucleic acids are biomolecules found in all living things on Earth. A distinction is made between ribonucleic acid (RNA, RNA, ribonucleic acid) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA, DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid). Nucleic acids are polymers composed of so-called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of the following three units: Sugar (carbohydrate, monosaccharide, pentose): ribose in RNA, … Nucleic Acids

Ciclopirox

Products Ciclopirox is commercially available in many countries as a nail polish, solution, vaginal suppository, cream, vaginal cream, and shampoo. Structure and properties Ciclopirox (C12H17NO2, Mr = 207.3 g/mol) exists as a white to yellowish white crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble in water. It is also present in drugs as ciclopiroxolamine, a white to … Ciclopirox

Active Ingredient Salts

Structure and properties Many active pharmaceutical ingredients are present in the drug as organic salts. This means that the active ingredient is ionized and its charge is neutralized by a counterion (English ). For example, naproxen is present in the over-the-counter pain reliever as a sodium salt. In this form, it is referred to as … Active Ingredient Salts

Electrolyte disorders

The human body consists mainly of water, which contains so-called electrolytes. Electrolytes are ions that are essential for the acid-base balance and the development of membrane potentials. These membrane potentials are responsible for the transmission of stimuli in the nervous system and control our muscle activity, both skeletal and cardiac. The most important representatives are … Electrolyte disorders

You can recognize an electrolyte disorder by these symptoms | Electrolyte disorders

You can recognize an electrolyte disorder by these symptoms Electrolyte disorders affect the entire body. Particularly affected are the musculature as well as the vegetative, cardiovascular and nervous systems. Typical symptoms are: Lethargy, confusion, behavioral changes, headaches, unconsciousness Nausea, constipation, intestinal obstruction High blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmia Chest pain, cramps, muscle weakness, paralysis How does … You can recognize an electrolyte disorder by these symptoms | Electrolyte disorders

Schüssler salt as ointment | Schüssler Salt No. 5: Potassium Phosphoricum

Schüssler salt as ointment Mostly Schüssler salts are administered orally so that they can be absorbed through the digestive tract. They then have a “systemic” effect, i.e. the same effect on the whole body. If a certain part of the body is to be treated specifically, an ointment is also a suitable form of administration. … Schüssler salt as ointment | Schüssler Salt No. 5: Potassium Phosphoricum

What is the English Disease?

“English disease,” better known as rickets, is due to a disorder of calcium and phosphate metabolism caused by vitamin D deficiency. Its name is based on its first discovery in the mid-16th century in Great Britain. However, “English disease” was widespread throughout Europe in the age of the Industrial Revolution, and the sufferers were primarily … What is the English Disease?