Definition A concentration (C) indicates the content of one substance in another as a quotient. By definition, it refers to the amount of a substance present in a given volume. However, concentrations can also refer to masses. In pharmacy, concentration is often used in connection with liquid and semisolid dosage forms. For solid dosage forms … Concentration
Products Varenicline is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Champix, in some countries: Chantix). It has been approved in many countries since 2006 and has been reimbursable under certain conditions since July 1, 2013. Full reimbursement details can be found in the Specialty List under Limitations. Structure and properties Varenicline (C13H13N3, Mr = … Varenicline
Products Triptans are mainly taken in the form of film-coated tablets and melting tablets. Some are also available as subcutaneous injectable solutions and nasal sprays. Suppositories are no longer commercially available in many countries. Sumatriptan (Imigran) was the first agent in this group to be approved in the United States in 1992 and in many … Triptans: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Definition When two or more drugs are combined, they may affect each other. This is especially true with regard to their pharmacokinetics (ADME) and effects and adverse effects (pharmacodynamics). This phenomenon is called interaction and drug-drug interaction. Interactions are usually undesirable because they can lead to, for example, loss of efficacy, side effects, poisoning, hospitalization, … Interactions
Products Most antidepressants are commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets. In addition, oral solutions (drops), meltable tablets, dispersible tablets, and injectables are also available, among others. The first representatives were developed in the 1950s. It was discovered that the antituberculosis drugs isoniazid and iproniazid (Marsilid, Roche) had antidepressant properties. Both agents are MAO … Antidepressants
Products Antifungal products are commercially available as creams, ointments, powders, solutions, tablets, capsules, and injectables, among others. Structure and properties The antifungal agents are a structurally heterogeneous class of agents. However, several groups can be identified within the antifungals, such as the azole antifungals and the allylamines (see below). Effects Antifungals have antifungal, fungistatic, or … Antifungals
Products Nicotine is commercially available in the form of chewing gum, lozenges, sublingual tablets, transdermal patch, oral spray, and inhaler (Nicorette, Nicotinell, generics). The first nicotine replacement product was approved in many countries in 1978. Structure and properties Nicotine (C10H14N2, Mr = 162.2 g/mol) exists as a colorless to brownish, viscous, hygroscopic, volatile liquid that … Nicotine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Azole antifungals are approved in many countries for both topical and systemic treatment. They are available in numerous dosage forms-including creams, an oral gel, powders, sprays, tablets, capsules, injectables, vaginal creams, and vaginal tablets. The first azole antifungal came on the market in the 1950s. Structure and properties The name azole refers to heterocycles … Azole Antifungals
Products Baloxavirmarboxil was approved in film-coated tablet form in Japan and the United States in 2018 and in many countries in 2020 (Xofluza). Structure and properties Baloxavirmarboxil (C27H23F2N3O7S, Mr = 571.5 g/mol) is a prodrug of baloxavir (synonym: baloxaviric acid). It is converted to the active drug by hydrolysis. It is practically insoluble in water. … Baloxavirmarboxil
Products Almotriptan is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Almogran). It has been approved in many countries since 2004. Structure and properties Almotriptan (C17H25N3O2S, Mr = 335.5 g/mol) is present in drugs as almotriptan-D,L-hydrogenmalate, a white to slightly yellowish crystalline powder that is soluble in water. Effects Almotriptan (ATC N02CC05) has vasoconstrictive, analgesic, … Almotriptan for Migraine Headache
Products Nitrofurantoin is commercially available in many countries in the form of 100 mg sustained-release capsules (Furadantin retard, Uvamin retard). It has been used medicinally since the early 1950s. Structure and properties Nitrofurantoin (C8H6N4O, Mr = 238.2 g/mol) exists as a yellow crystalline powder that is very sparingly soluble in water. It is a nitrated … Nitrofurantoin
Products Domperidone is commercially available as film-coated tablets, lingual tablets, and as a suspension (Motilium, generics). It was synthesized in 1974 and has been approved in many countries since 1979. Structure and properties Domperidone (C22H24ClN5O2, Mr = 425.9 g/mol) exists as a white powder that is practically insoluble in water. It is a benzimidazole derivative … Domperidone
