How pseudoephedrine works Pseudoephedrine ensures that the stress hormone noradrenaline – a messenger substance of the sympathetic nervous system (part of the autonomic nervous system) – is increasingly released by nerve cells and only reabsorbed with a delay. This increases and prolongs its effect – the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated. The autonomic nervous system … Pseudoephedrine: Effects, Applications, Side Effects
Definition The dispensing of licensed medicines is strictly regulated by law in many countries. Drugs may be available by prescription (prescription-only), nonprescription, and over-the-counter. Typical dispensing points are pharmacies, drugstores and doctors’ offices, provided that self-dispensing is permitted by the canton. Category E drugs may also be sold in the retail trade, for example in … Dispensing Categories of Medicinal Products
Products Sympathomimetics are commercially available, for example, in the form of tablets, capsules, granules, injectable solutions, eye drops, and nasal sprays. Structure and properties Sympathomimetics are structurally derived from the natural neurotransmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine. Effects Sympathomimetics have sympathomimetic properties, meaning that they promote the effects of the sympathetic nervous system, a portion of the … Sympathomimetics
Symptoms Vasomotor rhinitis manifests as a chronic watery-running and/or stuffy nose. Symptoms resemble hay fever but occur year-round and without eye involvement. Both diseases can also occur together. Other possible symptoms include sneezing, itching, headache, frequent swallowing and coughing. Causes and triggers Vasomotor rhinitis is one of the nonallergic and noninfectious rhinitides. The exact causes … Vasomotor Rhinitis
Products Among the best-known combined flu and cold remedies in many countries are NeoCitran, Pretuval, and Vicks Medinait. In addition, other products exist such as Fluimucil Flu Day & Night. In other countries, different products are commonly used, such as Grippostad in Germany or Theraflu in the United States. Ingredients Typical ingredients include: Sympathomimetics such … Combined Flu and Cold Remedies
Products Pseudoephedrine is commercially available in the form of capsules, tablets, and granules, among others. Apart from Rinoral (formerly Otrinol), these are combination products (e.g., Pretuval). Pseudoephedrine is mainly found in cold remedies. Structure and properties Pseudoephedrine (C10H15NO, Mr = 165.2 g/mol) is present in drugs as pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, a white crystalline powder or as … Pseudoephedrine
Products Legally, a distinction can be made between legal intoxicants (e.g., alcohol, nicotine) and prohibited substances (e.g., many hallucinogens, some amphetamines, opioids). Some substances, such as the opioids or the benzodiazepines, are used as drugs and are legally available with a doctor’s prescription. However, their use as intoxicants is not intended and is therefore referred … Intoxicant
Stem plant Ephedraceae, sea grape. Medicinal drug Ephedrae herba – Ephedra herb, Ma Huang. Ingredients Ephedra alkaloids, e.g. ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine, methylephedrine. Effects and adverse effects Sympathomimetic, see under ephedrine and caniphedrine articles. Comment Used in traditional Chinese medicine as ma huang for 5000 years. Ephedrine can be abused as a party drug, as a … Ephedra
Products Alkaloids and their derivatives are contained as active ingredients in numerous medicines. They have been used medicinally for thousands of years, such as opium with morphine or coca leaves with cocaine. In 1805, a pure alkaloid was extracted for the first time by the German pharmacist Friedrich Sertürner with morphine. Structure and properties Alkaloids … Alkaloids
Symptoms Possible symptoms of a cold include: Sore throat Sneezing, cold sniffles, runny nose, later nasal congestion. Feeling sick, fatigue Cough, Acute bronchitis Hoarseness Headache Fever is rare in adults, but is often observed in children Causes The common cold is caused in most cases by rhinoviruses, but numerous other viruses such as parainfluenza viruses, … Cold
Symptoms Possible symptoms of cold sniffles include a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, watery eyes, feeling sick, headache, and sore skin under the nose. A common cold may be accompanied by other symptoms of a cold, such as sore throat, hoarseness, cough and low-grade fever. Possible complications include tubal catarrh, middle ear infection and sinusitis. … Commond Cold: Causes and Treatment
Symptoms The possible symptoms of a stuffy nose include difficult nasal breathing, swelling of the mucous membrane, a feeling of fullness, secretions, crusting, rhinitis, itching, and sneezing. The stuffy nose often occurs at night while lying down and also triggers insomnia, sore throat and headache. Causes A stuffy nose restricts the flow of air through … Blocked Nose
