Products Digoxin is commercially available in many countries in tablet form and as a solution for injection and has been approved since 1960 (Digoxin Juvisé, original: Sandoz). Structure and properties Digoxin (C41H64O14, Mr = 780.96 g/mol) is a cardiac glycoside obtained from the leaves of . It is composed of three sugar units (hexoses) and … Digoxin: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Symptoms Drug-induced prolongation of the QT interval can rarely lead to severe arrhythmias. This is polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, known as torsade de pointes arrhythmia. It can be seen on the ECG as a wave-like structure. Due to the dysfunction, the heart cannot maintain blood pressure and can only pump insufficient blood and oxygen to the … Prolongation of the QT Interval
Products Biperiden is commercially available as tablets, sustained-release tablets, and a solution for injection (Akineton, Akineton retard). It has been approved in many countries since 1958. Structure and properties Biperiden (C21H29NO, Mr = 311.46 g/mol) is present in drugs as biperidene hydrochloride, a white crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble in water. It is a … Biperides
Indications For the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Active ingredients Class I (sodium channel blockers): class IA: Ajmaline (off-label). Quinidine (out of trade) Procainamide (out of commerce) Class IB: Lidocaine Phenytoin (not approved for this indication in many countries). Tocainide (not commercially available in many countries). Mexiletine (not on sale in many countries). Class IC: Encainid … Antiarrhythmics
Products Clomipramine is commercially available as sustained-release tablets and coated tablets (Anafranil). It has been approved in many countries since 1966 (originally Geigy, later Novartis). The injection and infusion preparations are no longer marketed. Structure and properties Clomipramine (C19H23ClN2, Mr = 314.9 g/mol) is present in drugs as clomipramine hydrochloride, a white to pale yellow … Clomipramine
Antiarrhythmics are drugs used to treat cardiac arrhythmias. They are used primarily for tachycardia, an accelerated heartbeat. For bradycardia, a slowed heart response, a pacemaker is recommended rather than medication with antiarrhythmics. What are antiarrhythmic drugs? Antiarrhythmics are medications used to treat cardiac arrhythmias. These substances are largely manufactured synthetically and do not occur naturally. … Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Effects, Uses & Risks
Mefloquine is the name of an active ingredient used to treat and prevent malaria. Due to its severe side effects, the manufacturer has stopped selling the drug in Germany. What is mefloquine? Mefloquine was jointly developed by Swiss pharmaceutical company F. Hoffmann-La-Roche AG and a U.S. Army institute to treat the tropical disease malaria. Prevention … Mefloquine: Effects, Uses & Risks
Stem plant Vahl, Rubiaceae, China tree. Medicinal drug Cinchonae cortex – cinchona bark: the whole or cut bark of Vahl ( Pavon), of (Weddell), of (Moens ex Trimen), of their varieties and hybrids (PhEur). The PhEur requires a minimum content of alkaloids. Preparations Cinchonae extractum ethanolicum liquidum Ingredients Alkaloids: quinine, quinidine, cinchonine, cinchonidine. Tannins Effects … Chinese Tree
Products Quinidine is no longer registered as a drug in many countries. Kinidine Duriles is out of commerce. Structure and properties Quinidine (C20H24N2O2, Mr = 324.4 g/mol) is present in drugs as quinidine sulfate, a white crystalline powder or fine, silky, colorless needles, which are sparingly soluble in water. Effects Quinidine (ATC C01BA01) has antiarrhythmic … Quinidine
Stem plant Hyacinthaceae, sea onion. Medicinal drug Scillae bulbus – sea onion: the dried medium fleshy leaf of the onion cut into strips by L. Baker of the white onion variety (PH 4) – no longer officinal. According to PH 5 to be dried at 40-50°C. Preparations The old pharmacopoeias contained some preparations, e.g. Scillae … Sea Onion
Symptoms Photosensitivity often manifests like sunburn in extensive skin redness, pain, a burning sensation, blistering, and hyperpigmentation after healing. Other possible skin reactions include eczema, itching, urticaria, telangiectasia, tingling, and edema. The nails may also be affected less frequently and may peel off in front (photoonycholysis). The symptoms are limited to the areas of the … Photosensitivity
Stem plant Ranunculaceae, Adonis. Medicinal drug Adonidis herba, Adonis herb: The dried herb of L. collected at flowering time (PH 5) – no longer officinal. Ingredients Cardiac glycosides of the cardenolide type. Effects Positive inotropic Indications Heart failure, is not used phytotherapeutically in many countries In alternative medicine Contraindications Therapy with cardiac glycosides, hypokalemia. Adverse … Adonis
