Products Essential oils for inhalation are commercially available as drops and in the form of effervescent tablets (e.g., Inhalant, Nasobol Inhalo, Pinimenthol, Olbas, JHP Rödler), among others. They can also be self-mixed or used individually. Structure and properties The products contain the following essential oils or their active ingredients, among others: Cineole Eucalyptus oil Spruce … Essential Oil Inhalation
Products In many countries, medical products containing Ectoin include the following: Triofan hay fever, nasal spray (2%) and eye drops (2%). Triofan Naturel, nasal spray (2%) Sanadermil EctoinAcute cream (7%, for dermatitis). Collypan Dry Eyes, eye drops (0.5% Ectoin, 0.2% sodium hyaluronate). Structure and properties Ectoine or 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid (C6H10N2O2, Mr = 142.2 g/mol) exists … Ectoin
Products Tramazoline is commercially available in the form of nasal sprays, nasal drops, and as eye drops. The drugs are not registered in many countries. Structure and properties Tramazoline (C13H17N3, Mr = 215.3 g/mol) is an imidazoline derivative structurally related to naphazoline, oxymetazoline, and xylometazoline. Effects Tramazoline (ATC S01GA) is a vasoconstrictor and decongestant. The … Tramazoline
Products Emser salt is commercially available as a powder, in the form of lozenges, as a throat spray, nasal drops, as a nasal spray and nasal ointment, among others. These are approved medicinal products and medical devices. The salt has been registered in many countries since 1934. Ems salt comes from a hot thermal spring … Ems Salt
Products Emtricitabine is commercially available as a monopreparation in the form of capsules and as an oral solution (Emtriva, combination products, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 2004. Structure and properties Emtricitabine (C8H10FN3O3S, Mr = 247.2 g/mol) is a thioanalog of cytidine with a fluorine atom at the 5-position. It exists as … Emtricitabine
Caniphedrine The alkaloid L-ephedrine is found along with other alkaloids in plants of the genus Ephedra (e.g., Stapf, Ephedraceae). The herb has been used in Chinese medicine under the name Ma Huang for over 5000 years. In the 16th century pharmacopoeia Pentsao Kang Mu by Li Shih-Chen, it is recommended as a circulatory stimulant, diaphoretic, … Cave Canem: Caniphedrine
Small injuries to the fine vessels in the nasal mucosa cause nosebleeds. Nosebleeds are usually harmless and may even occur for no reason. The loss of blood is minimal in most cases, but disturbing if the blood gets unexpectedly on the clothes. The nasal mucosa is a very well supplied with blood tissue, as it … What Causes Nosebleeds?
Symptoms Watery runny nose (rhinorrhea) occurs in association with eating. There is usually no itching, sneezing, eye involvement, or stuffy nose as in allergic rhinitis, for example, hay fever. Runny nose while eating is bothersome and a psychosocial problem. Causes Stimulation of muscarinic receptors (parasympathetic nervous system). Post-traumatic or after surgery Idiopathic Histamine intolerance Trigger … Gustatory Rhinitis (Runny Nose During Eating)
Products Ivacaftor was approved by the FDA and EMA in 2012 and by Swissmedic in 2014 in film-coated tablet form (Kalydeco). Also available is a fixed combination with lumacaftor (Orkambi). In 2016, a granule was also approved. In 2018, the combination with tezacaftor was approved in the US and EU (Symdeko, Symkevi). In 2020, a … Ivacaftor
Symptoms Vasomotor rhinitis manifests as a chronic watery-running and/or stuffy nose. Symptoms resemble hay fever but occur year-round and without eye involvement. Both diseases can also occur together. Other possible symptoms include sneezing, itching, headache, frequent swallowing and coughing. Causes and triggers Vasomotor rhinitis is one of the nonallergic and noninfectious rhinitides. The exact causes … Vasomotor Rhinitis
Symptoms Bad breath manifests itself in foul-smelling breath. The bad odor is also a psychosocial problem and can lower self-esteem, lead to feelings of shame, and make it difficult to communicate with others. Causes True, chronic bad breath originates from the oral cavity and mainly from the coating on the tongue in over 80 to … Bad Breath
Symptoms Nasal polyps are usually bilateral and localized benign mucosal protrusions of the nasal cavity or sinuses. The leading symptom is nasal constriction leading to a change in voice quality. Other possible symptoms include a watery discharge (rhinorrhea), impaired sense of smell and taste, pain and a feeling of fullness in the head. Nasal polyps … Nasal Polyps
