Products Sulfites are added to pharmaceuticals, foods and personal care products as excipients and additives. They can also be naturally present in foods. Even the Romans used sulfur dioxide as a preservative for wine. Structure and properties Sulfites are the salts of sulfurous acid, which is extremely unstable and undetectable in water (H2SO3). Example sodium … Sulfites
Products Pure malic acid is available in specialized stores. The name of the acid is derived from Latin (apple), because it was first isolated from apple juice in 1785. Structure and properties Malic acid (C4H6O5, Mr = 134.1 g/mol) is an organic dicarboxylic acid which belongs to the hydroxycarboxylic acids. It exists as a white … Malic Acid
Production Anhydrous sodium sulfate (250) 42.0 g Sodium hydrogen carbonate (250) 36.3 g Sodium chloride (250) 18.4 g Potassium sulfate (250) 3.3 g The salts are mixed. Effects Laxative Indications For short-term use in constipation Dosage 1-2 teaspoons to 1 glass of water Precautions See under sodium sulfate
Products Snus is traditionally produced and consumed in Sweden and other Scandinavian countries. It was invented at the beginning of the 19th century. Now it is also used in many other European countries and in many countries. The ban on its sale was lifted in many countries in 2019 due to a federal court ruling. … Snus
Products Carrageenan is used as an excipient in pharmaceuticals as well as in food and personal care products. Structure and properties Carrageenans are composed of polysaccharides from various red algae species (e.g. , Irish moss) and are obtained by extraction, separation and purification. The main constituents are potassium, sodium, calcium or magnesium salts of the … Carrageenan
Definition Carboxylic acids are organic acids with the general structure R-COOH (less commonly: R-CO2H). It is composed of a residue, a carbonyl group, and a hydroxyl group. The functional group is called the carboxy group (carboxyl group). Molecules with two or three carboxy groups are called dicarboxylic acids or tricarboxylic acids. An example of a … Carboxylic Acids
Products Formic acid is available in pharmacies and drugstores in various dilutions. It is also included as an active ingredient in some medicines and in medical products, for example, in liniments and in wart remedies. Structure and properties Formic acid (HCOOH, Mr = 102.1 g/mol) is the simplest carboxylic acid. It consists of a hydrogen … Formic Acid
Products Iron is available in the form of tablets, capsules, chewable tablets, drops, as a syrup, direct granules and as a solution for injection, among others (selection). These are approved drugs and dietary supplements. It is also combined with folic acid, with vitamin C and with other vitamins and minerals fix. Some dosage forms are … Iron
Products Oligomannate was approved in China in 2019 in the form of capsules (Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceuticals). The group led by Prof. Geng Meiyu at the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica spent more than 20 years on the research. This is the first new oral Alzheimer’s drug since 2003, and another Phase III clinical trial … Oligomannate
Products Lithium is commercially available in the form of tablets and sustained-release tablets (e.g., Quilonorm, Priadel, Lithiofor). Structure and properties The lithium ion (Li+) is a monovalent cation found in pharmaceuticals in the form of various salts. These include lithium citrate, lithium sulfate, lithium carbonate, and lithium acetate. For example, lithium carbonate (Li2CO3, Mr = … Lithium: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Alginic acid and its salts are used as excipients in pharmaceuticals. Structure and properties Alginic acid is a copolymer consisting of a mixture of polyuronic acids from different proportions of β-(14)-D-mannuronic acid and α-(14)-L-guluronic acid. It is mainly obtained from brown algae. Alginic acid exists as a white to pale yellowish-brown, crystalline or amorphous … Alginic Acid
Products Many pharmaceuticals, cosmetics (personal care products), medical devices, and foods (e.g., milk, mayonnaise) are emulsions. Structure and properties Emulsions are liquid or semi-solid preparations for external or internal use. They are dispersed systems (dispersions) in which two or more liquid or semisolid phases are combined by emulsifiers, resulting in a mixture that is heterogeneous … Emulsions
