How theophylline works Theophylline has a bronchodilator effect and inhibits the release of messenger substances that are necessary for an inflammatory response. The active ingredient can therefore be used – in addition to inhaled therapy – to prevent and treat shortness of breath (as in bronchial asthma and COPD). In most cases, the attack is … Theophylline: Effects, Areas of Application, Side Effects
Products Zileuton is commercially available in the United States in tablet and powder form (Zyflo). It is not currently approved in many countries. Structure and properties Zileuton (C11H12N2O2S, Mr = 236.3 g/mol) is an almost odorless, white, crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water. It exists as a racemate. Both enantiomers are pharmacologically active. … Zileuton
Products Dried coffee beans, coffee powder, coffee capsules and other products are available in grocery stores. Stem plant The parent plant is the coffee shrub or coffee tree from the Rubiaceae family (redbud family). The two main species are for Arabica coffee and for Robusta coffee. is also called. Medicinal drug The so-called coffee beans … Coffee
1. symptom treatment Beta2-sympathomimetics are derived from epinephrine. They selectively stimulate the adrenergic β2-receptors of bronchial muscles and thus have a bronchospasmolytic effect. For rapid symptom relief, fast-acting agents are usually administered by inhalation, for example, with a metered-dose inhaler or a powder inhaler. They should be used only when needed. An increase in administration … Antiasthmatics
Products Caffeine citrate solution was newly approved in many countries in 2016 (Peyona). It was available earlier in other countries. Structure and properties Caffeine (C8H10N4O2, Mr = 194.2 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder or as white silk-like crystals and is sparingly soluble in water. The substance sublimes readily. Citric acid monohydrate (C6H8O7 – … Caffeine Citrate Solution
Products Febuxostat is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Adenuric). It was approved in many countries in 2016. It was registered in the EU in 2008 and in the US in 2009 (US: Uloric). Structure and properties Febuxostat (C16H16N2O3S, Mr = 316.4 g/mol), unlike allopurinol, does not have a purine structure. It is … Febuxostat
Symptoms Possible symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) include a chronic cough, mucus production, sputum, shortness of breath, chest tightness, breath sounds, lack of energy, and sleep disturbances. The symptoms often worsen with physical exertion. An acute worsening of chronic symptoms is referred to as an exacerbation. In addition, numerous systemic and extrapulmonary concomitant … Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Products Formoterol is commercially available in the form of capsules for inhalation (Foradil) and as a powder inhaler (Oxis). Furthermore, combination products with budesonide (Symbicort Turbuhaler, Vannair Dosieraerosol) and fluticasone propionate are available (Formoterol Dosieraerosol). Formoterol is also combined with beclometasone fixed, see under beclometasone and formoterol (Foster). Furthermore, in 2020, a fixed combination with … Formoterol
Products Isoniazid is commercially available in tablet form (eg, Isoniazid Labatec, combination products). Structure and properties Isoniazid (C6H7N3O, Mr = 137.1 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder or colorless crystals and is readily soluble in water. It is also known as isonicotinylhydrazine (INH). Effects Isoniazid (ATC J04AC01) has bacteriostatic to bactericidal properties against . … Isoniazid
Products Methotrexate is commercially available as a solution for parenteral use and in tablet form. See also under methotrexate prefilled syringe (low-dose). Structure and properties Methotrexate (C20H22N8O5, Mr = 454.44 g/mol) is a dicarboxylic acid that exists as a yellow to orange crystalline powder that is virtually insoluble in water. Methotrexate was developed as a … Methotrexate: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Prefilled methotrexate syringes have been approved in many countries since 2005 (Metoject, generic). They contain between 7.5 to 30 mg of active ingredient, in increments of 2.5 mg. The dose is much lower than for chemotherapy (“low-dose methotrexate“). The syringes are stored at room temperature between 15 to 25 °C and protected from light. … Methotrexate Ready-To-Use Syringe
General information Theophylline is a drug from the group of methylxanthines and is used due to its effect especially in asthma therapy. It belongs to the same substance class as caffeine, for example, but has the additional property of having a bronchodilator effect in addition to its central effect. Theophylline is a prescription drug and … Theophylline