Effect Timolol is a beta-blocker (beta-receptor antagonist) that is dripped into the eyes. The medication inhibits the excessive production of aqueous humor in the cavities (chambers) of the eyeball. This lowers the intraocular pressure. Use Timolol is present in medicines as timolol maleate. The active ingredient is mainly used in the form of eye drops. … Timolol: Effects, application, and side effects
Symptoms Glaucoma is a progressive eye disease that is initially asymptomatic. Patients have no symptoms until the optic nerve becomes increasingly damaged, which can lead to irreversible visual impairment with visual field loss and blindness. Glaucoma represents the most common cause of blindness. Causes The cause of the disease is usually an increase in intraocular … Glaucoma: Causes and Treatment
Effects Beta-blockers (ATC S01ED) lower intraocular pressure. The effects are presumably due to a reduction in aqueous humor secretion. As with systemically administered agents, a distinction is made between selective and nonselective, hydrophilic and lipophilic, and agents with or without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Since the active substances can enter the bloodstream, they have the potential, … Beta Blocker Eye Drops
Products Brinzolamide is form of eye drops commercially available (Azopt) and approved in many countries since 1991. Generic versions were released in 2015. Brinzolamide has also been available in a fixed combination with timolol since 2009 (Azarga). In 2015, a fixed combination with brimonidine was approved; see brinzolamide brimonidine (Simbrinza). Structure and properties Brinzolamide (C12H21N3O5S3, … Brinzolamide
Products Prostaglandin analogues are commercially available in the form of eye drops in vials or as monodoses without preservatives. Latanoprost (Xalatan) was the first agent from this group to be approved in 1996. Prostaglandin analogues are also combined with the beta-blocker timolol fix. Structure and properties Prostaglandin analogs are derivatives of prostaglandin F2α. Except for … Prostaglandin Analogs
Products Timolol is commercially available in the form of eye drops and as an eye gel. In addition to the original Timoptic, generics and various fixed combinations with other antiglaucomatous agents are also commercially available (brinzolamide, brimonidine, dorzolamide, travoprost, latanoprost). Timolol has been approved in many countries since 1978. See also under timolol gel (hemangioma). … Timolol
Products Travoprost is commercially available in the form of eye drops as a monopreparation (Travatan) and as a fixed combination with the beta-blocker timolol (Duotrav). It was approved in many countries in 2002. Generic versions were first released in 2016 and went on sale in 2017. Structure and properties Travoprost (C26H35F3O6, Mr = 500.55 g/mol) … Travoprost
Definition Drugs today usually contain a defined active pharmaceutical ingredient. However, numerous drugs with two or more active substances also exist. These are called combination drugs or fixed combinations. For example, Aspirin C contains both acetylsalicylic acid and vitamin C. Many blood pressure medications are combination preparations, for example perindopril + indapamide or candesartan + … Combination Products
Products Tafluprost is available in the form of eye drops (saflutane). It was approved in many countries in 2010. In 2016, a fixed combination with timolol was also registered (Taptiqom). Structure and properties Tafluprost (C25H34F2O5, Mr = 452.53 g/mol) is a fluorinated analog of prostaglandin F2α (Figure). It is a prodrug and is converted at … Tafluprost
Products Dorzolamide is commercially available in the form of eye drops (Trusopt). Fixed combinations with timolol (Cosopt) and generics are also available. Dorzolamide has been approved in many countries since 1995. Structure and properties Dorzolamide (C10H16N2O4S3, Mr = 324.4 g/mol) is a sulfonamide. It is present in drugs as dorzolamide hydrochloride, a white crystalline powder … Dorzolamide
Products Betaxolol is commercially available in the form of eye drops (Betoptic S). It has been approved in many countries since 1995. Structure and properties Betaxolol is present in drugs as betaxolol hydrochloride and racemate (C18H30ClNO3, Mr = 343.9 g/mol), a white crystalline powder that is very soluble in water. The enantiomer levobetaxolol is also … Betaxolol
Products Latanoprost is commercially available as eye drops in dropper bottles and as monodoses (Xalatan, generic, auto-generic, 50 µg/ml). It is also available as a fixed combination with timolol (Xalacom, generic, auto-generic). Latanoprost was developed in the 1980s as part of a collaboration between Columbia University in New York and Pharmacia in Uppsala, Sweden (Stjernschantz, … Latanoprost
