Products Netarsudil was approved in the United States in 2017 in eye drop form (Rhopressa, Rhokiinsa). Structure and properties Netarsudil (C28H27N3O3, Mr = 453.5 g/mol) is present in the drug as netarsudil dimesilate, slightly yellowish to white powder soluble in water. Effects Netarsudil lowers intraocular pressure by enhancing aqueous humor outflow at the trabecular meshwork. … Netarsudil
Effects Beta-blockers (ATC S01ED) lower intraocular pressure. The effects are presumably due to a reduction in aqueous humor secretion. As with systemically administered agents, a distinction is made between selective and nonselective, hydrophilic and lipophilic, and agents with or without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Since the active substances can enter the bloodstream, they have the potential, … Beta Blocker Eye Drops
Products Brinzolamide is form of eye drops commercially available (Azopt) and approved in many countries since 1991. Generic versions were released in 2015. Brinzolamide has also been available in a fixed combination with timolol since 2009 (Azarga). In 2015, a fixed combination with brimonidine was approved; see brinzolamide brimonidine (Simbrinza). Structure and properties Brinzolamide (C12H21N3O5S3, … Brinzolamide
Products Prostaglandin analogues are commercially available in the form of eye drops in vials or as monodoses without preservatives. Latanoprost (Xalatan) was the first agent from this group to be approved in 1996. Prostaglandin analogues are also combined with the beta-blocker timolol fix. Structure and properties Prostaglandin analogs are derivatives of prostaglandin F2α. Except for … Prostaglandin Analogs
Products Travoprost is commercially available in the form of eye drops as a monopreparation (Travatan) and as a fixed combination with the beta-blocker timolol (Duotrav). It was approved in many countries in 2002. Generic versions were first released in 2016 and went on sale in 2017. Structure and properties Travoprost (C26H35F3O6, Mr = 500.55 g/mol) … Travoprost
Products Apraclonidine is commercially available in the form of eye drops (iopidine). It has been approved in many countries since 1995. Structure and properties Apraclonidine (C9H10Cl2N4, Mr = 245.1 g/mol) is an amino derivative of clonidine. It is present in the drug as apraclonidine hydrochloride, a white powder that is highly soluble in water. Effects … Apraclonidine
Products Tafluprost is available in the form of eye drops (saflutane). It was approved in many countries in 2010. In 2016, a fixed combination with timolol was also registered (Taptiqom). Structure and properties Tafluprost (C25H34F2O5, Mr = 452.53 g/mol) is a fluorinated analog of prostaglandin F2α (Figure). It is a prodrug and is converted at … Tafluprost
Products Dorzolamide is commercially available in the form of eye drops (Trusopt). Fixed combinations with timolol (Cosopt) and generics are also available. Dorzolamide has been approved in many countries since 1995. Structure and properties Dorzolamide (C10H16N2O4S3, Mr = 324.4 g/mol) is a sulfonamide. It is present in drugs as dorzolamide hydrochloride, a white crystalline powder … Dorzolamide
Products No medicines containing dipivefrin are registered in many countries. Eye drops are available in other countries. Structure and properties Dipivefrin (C19H29NO5, Mr = 351.4 g/mol) is an ester prodrug of epinephrine with two molecules of pivalic acid. It is present in the drug as dipivefrin hydrochloride. Effects Dipivefrin (ATC S01EA02) lowers intraocular pressure. Because … Dipivefrin
Products Latanoprost is commercially available as eye drops in dropper bottles and as monodoses (Xalatan, generic, auto-generic, 50 µg/ml). It is also available as a fixed combination with timolol (Xalacom, generic, auto-generic). Latanoprost was developed in the 1980s as part of a collaboration between Columbia University in New York and Pharmacia in Uppsala, Sweden (Stjernschantz, … Latanoprost
Products Bimatoprost is commercially available in the form of eye drops (Lumigan). It is also available in combination with timolol (Ganfort, Ganfort UD). The drug was approved in many countries in 2002. Generics are registered. Latisse (0.3 mg/ml) to promote eyelash growth is on the market in the United States. Structure and properties Bimatoprost (C25H37NO4, … Bimatoprost
Products Brimonidine is commercially available in the form of eye drops (Alphagan, generic). It is also available in combination with timolol (Combigan, generic) and has been approved in many countries since 1998. The active ingredient is also used for the external treatment of rosacea, see under the article Brimonidine gel. Finally, brimonidine is also combined … Brimonidine
