Brief overview Treatment: Removal of tartar only at the dentist, with ultrasonic device, scaler, special chisel. Do not try to do it yourself, as there is a high risk of injury. Causes: Plaque not removed or not removed well; lack of oral hygiene; predisposition to rapid tartar formation. When to see a doctor? In case … Dental Calculus: Treatment and Causes
Brief overview What is behind brittle fingernails? e.g. nutrient deficiency, cleaning agents, mechanical force, various diseases. What nutrient deficiency can make fingernails brittle? e.g. deficiency of calcium or of various vitamins (A, B, C, biotin or folic acid). What to do in case of brittle fingernails? Depending on the cause, e.g. balanced diet, wearing gloves … Brittle Fingernails: Causes & Treatment
Zinc deficiency: symptoms Zinc is a vital trace element that is involved in many processes in the human body, such as cell division, wound healing and immune defense. Accordingly, the symptoms of zinc deficiency can be varied. Possible are for example: Skin changes (dermatitis = skin inflammation) impaired wound healing hair loss loss of appetite … Zinc Deficiency: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment
Brief overview Symptoms: Often asymptomatic, possibly pain in abdomen and back (abdominal aortic aneurysm), possibly cough, hoarseness, shortness of breath (thoracic aortic aneurysm), in case of rupture devastating pain, shock, unconsciousness Treatment: Depending on size and growth of the aneurysm, in case of risky size surgical intervention, stent or vascular prosthesis Examination and diagnosis: Often … Aortic Aneurysm: Definition, Symptoms, Treatment
Brief overview: Intestinal polyps What are intestinal polyps? Mucosal growths that protrude into the intestine. Are intestinal polyps dangerous? In principle no, but there is a risk of degeneration into colorectal cancer. Frequency: One third of all people over 60 years of age have intestinal polyps. Symptoms: Very rare, mostly incidental finding during colonoscopy, possibly … Colon polyps: Symptoms & Treatment
Brief overview Symptoms: Early symptoms resemble flu, later severe weight loss, night sweats, diarrhea, secondary diseases such as lung inflammation, fungal infections, tuberculosis, Kaposi’s sarcoma Treatment: drugs that prevent the virus from multiplying, alleviate symptoms, strengthen immunity Diagnosis: Blood test first for HIV antibodies, then for HIV antigens; confirmed diagnosis only possible three months after … AIDS and HIV: Symptoms and Treatment
Brief overview Symptoms: Often asymptomatic, possibly pain, pulling or pressure when tightening the abdominal muscles. Sudden severe pain, nausea and vomiting indicate possible life-threatening entrapment of organs in hernia sac. Treatment: no treatment for small hernias without symptoms, surgery for larger hernias or in an emergency if organs are trapped Causes and risk factors: Congenital … Epigastric Hernia: Symptoms, Treatment
Brief overview Eye burning – Cause: Irritation of the eyes (e.g. by draught, screen work, defective vision, wrongly adjusted visual aid, foreign body in the eye (like dust, splash of a cleaning agent), infections, allergic reaction, certain medications (like eye drops), various diseases (like Sjögren’s syndrome, diabetes, rheumatism) Eyes burning – What to do? Depending … Burning eyes: Causes and treatment
Brief overview Description: Leakage of lacrimal fluid over the lid margin often with further symptoms like foreign body sensation, burning sensation, eye redness. Causes: Among other things, age-related changes, foreign bodies in the eye, allergies, infections of the eye or upper respiratory tract, underlying diseases such as diabetes, environmental stimuli (gases, vapors, smoke). Treatment: Depending … Watery Eyes: Causes, Treatment
Brief overview Symptoms: In acute cholangitis, severe pain in the upper abdomen, often high fever, yellowing of the skin; in autoimmune forms, fatigue, upper abdominal discomfort, jaundice, and severe itching. Treatment: in the acute form, antibiotics, removal of gallstones if needed; in the autoimmune forms, medications, possibly liver transplantation Causes: In acute cholangitis, a bacterial … Cholangitis: symptoms, treatment, causes
Brief overview Treatment: depends on severity, usually surgical treatment is necessary Symptoms: Oozing, itching, stool smearing, partial incontinence, defecation disorders, bleeding Causes and risk factors: Pelvic floor weakness, age, female gender, digestive disorders (chronic constipation or diarrhea) Diagnosis: Medical history and physical examination, rectoscopy, ultrasound, rarely magnetic resonance imaging. Course of disease and prognosis: Usually … Rectal prolapse: Definition, Treatment, Symptoms
Brief overview Description: Calf cramps are sudden, short, involuntary and painful contractions of a muscle part, a whole muscle or a muscle group in the calf. Causes: usually unknown or harmless (e.g., severe muscle tension during exercise, severe water and salt loss due to sweating, etc.). More rarely, calf cramps are signs of a disease … Calf cramps: Causes and treatment
