Symptoms In localized frostbite, the skin becomes pale, cold, hard, and insensitive to touch and pain. Only when it warms and thaws does redness appear and severe, pulsating pain, burning, and tingling set in. In addition, edema and blisters may form and, in a severe course, tissue dies. Often affected are exposed parts of the … Frostbite
Products Local anesthetics are commercially available as injectables, in the form of creams, ointments, gels, plasters, lozenges, throat sprays, and gargle solutions, among others (selection). The first active ingredient from this group was cocaine, used in the 19th century by Carl Koller and Sigmund Freud; see also Sigmund Freud and cocaine. Local anesthetics are also … Local Anesthetics Effects and Side Effects
Effects Hemostyptic: hemostatic. Indications Bleeding of various causes, e.g., nosebleeds Agents Hemostatic absorbent cotton (mostly calcium alginate). Cellulose Gelatin Hellstone (silver nitrate rod) Vasoconstrictors Herbal hemostyptics: Shepherd’s purse (blood herb). Tannin drugs, e.g. witch hazel Other: Etamsylate
Anatomical background Humans have 4 sinuses, the maxillary sinuses, the frontal sinuses, the ethmoid sinuses, and the sphenoid sinuses. They are connected to the nasal cavity by 1-3 mm narrow bony openings called ostia and are lined with a thin respiratory epithelium with goblet cells and seromucous glands. The ciliated hairs provide clearance of mucus … Acute Sinusitis
Products Procaine has been commercially available in many countries since 1941 in the form of ear drops (Otalgan). Currently, it is available in many countries only as a combination preparation. Structure and properties Procaine (C13H20N2O2, Mr = 236.31 g/mol) was synthesized as the first synthetic ester local anesthetic by Einhorn in 1905. The local anesthetic … Procaine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Symptoms Possible symptoms of viral conjunctivitis include unilateral or bilateral redness, itching, burning, eye tearing, a foreign body sensation, lymph node swelling, and bleeding. It is often accompanied by inflammation of the cornea (keratitis). Itching, watery eyes, bilateral findings and other allergic symptoms indicate allergic conjunctivitis. However, differentiation based on clinical signs is generally difficult … Viral Conjunctivitis
Background The tear film is the outermost connection between the surface of the eye and the environment and is involved in the visual process. It moisturizes, protects and nourishes the eye. It is an aqueous gel containing water, mucins, salts, antibacterial proteins and antibodies, vitamin A, and lipids, among other substances, and is distributed over … Dry Eyes: Causes and Remedies
Products Norepinephrine is commercially available as a solution for injection in many countries. It is also known as norepinephrine. Structure and properties Norepinephrine (C8H11NO3, Mr = 169.2 g/mol) is a demethylated epinephrine. It is present in drugs as noradrenaline tartrate, a white crystalline powder that is readily soluble in water. Effects Norepinephrine (ATC C01CA03) has … Norepinephrine
Products Tetryzoline is commercially available in the form of eye drops (Visine Classic, combination products). It has been approved in many countries since 1959. The active ingredient is also known as tetrahydrozoline. Nasal sprays or [nasal drops containing tetryzoline are currently no longer available in many countries. Structure and properties Tetryzoline (C13H16N2, Mr = 200.3 … Tetryzoline: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Oxybuprocaine eye drops 0.4% (4 mg/ml) have been approved in many countries since 1971. They are commercially available as a monopreparation (Novesin, Cebesin, Oxybuprocaine SDU Faure) and in combination with fluorescein (Fluoresceine-Oxybuprocaine SDU Faure). Structure and properties Oxybuprocaine is present in drugs as oxybuprocaine hydrochloride (C17H29ClN2O3, Mr = 344.9) is present. It is a … Oxybuprocaine Eye Drops
