A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps:
- General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore:
- Inspection (viewing) and palpation (palpation) of abdomen (stomach), inguinal region (groin region), etc. (tenderness?, tapping pain?, release pain?, coughing pain?, guarding pain?, hernial orifices?, kidney bearing tapping pain?)
- Inspection and palpation of the genitals.
- Penis and scrotum (scrotum); assessment of pubes hair (pubic hair), penis (penis length: in flaccid state between 7-10 cm; presence of: Indurations (tissue hardening), abnormalities, phimosis/foreskin stenosis?)
- Testicular position and size (by orchimeter if necessary): examination of both testicles (lateral difference or swelling?) [Note: Normally, testicular size does not differ more than 20% or 2 ml compared to the opposite side.
- [Varicocele: palpable mass on the spermatic cord (“testicular tumor”), increase in standing and Valsalva attempt (forceful exhalation against the closed mouth and nasal opening with simultaneous use of the abdominal press).
- Hydrocele (water hernia): unilateral painless bouncing elastic swelling of the testis, which depends on the location and pressure conditions intraabdominal (in the abdomen)]
- Palpation of the inguinal ducts
- Digital rectal examination (DRU): examination of the rectum (rectum) and adjacent organs with the finger by palpation (assessment of prostate size, shape and consistency).
- Health check
Square brackets [ ] indicate possible pathological (pathological) physical findings.