Viral Hemorrhagic Fever: Complications

The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by viral hemorrhagic fever:

Chikungunya fever

Skin and subcutaneous (L00-L99).

  • Brownish skin patches

Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99)

  • Long-lasting arthralgias (joint pain); often persist for months, occasionally years, and affect especially the small joints

Prognosis is good.

Dengue fever

Blood, blood-forming organs – immune system (D50-D90).

  • Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy or DIC (as an abbreviation of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation) – acute onset coagulopathy caused by excessive activation of coagulation.

Cardiovascular System (I00-I99).

  • Cardiac involvement, unspecified

Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).

  • Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) – circulatory failure associated with dengue hemorrhagic fever [up to 30% lethality/ mortality based on total number of people with the disease].

Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99).

  • Myositis (inflammation of skeletal muscle).

Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99)

  • Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain).
  • Encephalopathy (brain disease).
  • Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS; synonyms: Idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis, Landry-Guillain-Barré-Strohl syndrome); two courses: acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (peripheral nervous system disease); idiopathic polyneuritis (diseases of multiple nerves) of spinal nerve roots and peripheral nerves with ascending paralysis and pain; usually occurs after infections.
  • Hypokalemic (potassium deficiency) paralysis.
  • Myelitis (inflammation of the spinal cord).
  • Neuralgic amyotrophy (muscle atrophy).

After an expired infection, immunity exists, but only to the serotype of the expired infection. The lethality (mortality rate) is 6% to 30% in the severe courses.

Ebola/Marburg fever

Blood, blood-forming organs-immune system (D50-D90).

Cardiovascular system (I00-I99)

Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).

  • Sepsis (blood poisoning) with multiple organ failure (MOV; also: MODS: multiple organ dysfunction syndrome).

Liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts-pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87).

The lethality (mortality rate) is 50-90%, depending on the virus species.

Yellow fever

The following are the most important diseases or complications that can be caused by yellow fever with:

Liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts – Pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87).

  • Liver dysfunction, unspecified

Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – reproductive organs) (N00-N99).

  • Renal dysfunction, unspecified

The lethality (mortality rate) of yellow fever patients is 10-20%.

Crimean-Congo fever (CCHF)

Skin and subcutaneous (L00-L99).

  • Skin hemorrhage

Liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts-pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87).

  • Hepatocellular damage to liver failure

Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99)

  • Bleeding from any orifice of the body

Further

  • Multi-organ failure (MODS, Multi organ dysfunction syndrome; MOF: Multi organ failure) – simultaneous or sequential failure or severe functional impairment of various vital organ systems of the body.
  • Cerebral hemorrhage (brain hemorrhage).

The lethality is up to 50%.

Lassa fever

Respiratory System (J00-J99).

  • Pneumonia (pneumonia)

Liver, gallbladder, and biliary tract-pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87).

  • Hepatitis (inflammation of the liver)

Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99)

Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99).

  • Bleeding, unspecified in location and severity

Further

  • Multi-organ failure

The lethality is up to 20% in severe courses.Pregnant women usually have a more severe course.

Rift Valley Fever

Eyes and eye appendages (H00-H59).

Liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts-pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87).

  • Hepatitis (inflammation of the liver)

Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99)

The lethality is circa 50%.The disease leaves a permanent immunity.

West Nile fever

Cardiovascular (I00-I99).

  • Carditides (inflammatory processes of the sheaths of the heart).

Liver, gallbladder and bile ducts – pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87).

Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99)

  • Acute aseptic meningitis (meningitis; rare).
  • Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain; <15% of those with the disease).

As a rule, manifest WNV infections heal without complications. However, there is usually a significantly longer convalescence over several weeks… The lethality is 4-14%; in over /70-year-olds 15-20%.