The possibility of viral hemorrhagic fever must always be considered in cases of illness with a marked elevation of transaminases (levels of aspartate aminotransferase (abbreviated as GOT or AST) and/or alanine aminotransferase (abbreviated as GPT, ALAT, or ALT) elevated in the blood), signs of renal involvement, or hemorrhagic diathesis (abnormally increased bleeding tendency). The main differential diagnoses of viral hemorrhagic fever are fulminant viral hepatitis (virus-related liver inflammation), malaria, meningococcal sepsis (blood poisoning), leptospirosis, and intoxications (poisonings).
Chikungunya fever
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Dengue fever
- Viral infections, unspecified
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99).
- Reactive arthritis (synonym: postinfectious arthritis/joint inflammation) – secondary disease after gastrointestinal (affecting the gastrointestinal tract), urogenital (affecting the urinary and genital organs), or pulmonary (affecting the lungs) infections; refers to arthritis in which pathogens are not (usually) found in the joint (sterile synovitis).
- Reiter’s disease (synonyms: Reiter’s syndrome; Reiter’s disease; arthritis dysenterica; polyarthritis enterica; postenteritic arthritis; posturethritic arthritis; undifferentiated oligoarthritis; urethro-oculo-synovial syndrome; Fiessinger-Leroy syndrome; English Sexually acquired reactive arthritis (SARA)) – special form of a “reactive arthritis” (see above. ); secondary disease after gastrointestinal or urogenital infections, characterized by the symptoms of Reiter’s triad; seronegative spondyloarthropathy, which is triggered especially in HLA-B27 positive persons by an intestinal or urinary tract disease with bacteria (mostly chlamydia); Can manifest as arthritis (joint inflammation), conjunctivitis (conjunctivitis), urethritis (urethritis) and partly with typical skin changes.
- Rheumatoid arthritis – chronic inflammatory multisystem disease, which usually manifests itself in the form of synovitis (synovial inflammation).
Dengue fever
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Arbovirus infections, unspecified.
- Chikungunya fever – disease caused by the chikungunya virus and transmitted by mosquitoes.
- Yellow fever
- Japanese encephalitis – infection of the brain caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus.
- Leptospirosis (Weil’s disease) – bacterial infectious disease caused by leptospires.
- Malaria
- Measles (Morbilli)
- Meningococcal infections
- Rubella
- Typhoid abdominalis – infectious disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi.
Ebola/Marburg fever
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Malaria
- Rickettsiosis – infectious disease caused by rickettsiae.
- Typhoid abdominalis – infectious disease associated with severe diarrhea.
- Viral hemorrhagic fever, unspecified.
Yellow fever
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Acute hepatitis (inflammation of the liver).
- Hemorrhagic fever, which can be triggered by various viruses such as Ebola, Hanta, or Lassa fever
- Malaria – tropical infectious disease transmitted by mosquitoes.
- Leptospirosis icterohaemorrhagica (Weil’s disease) – bacterial infectious disease caused by leptospires.
- Rickettsiosis – bacterial infectious disease caused by rickettsiae.
Liver, gallbladder and bile ducts – pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87).
- Acute hepatitis (inflammation of the liver).
Crimean-Congo fever
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Other viral hemorrhagic fevers such as yellow fever, Lassa fever, Crimean-Congo virus, Marburg virus, Rift Valley fever, or hemorrhagic courses of dengue fever, etc.
- Hanta virus
- Leptospirosis
- Malaria – Malaria tropica: thrombocytopenia (decreased platelet/platelet count); rarely a consumptive coagulopathy with manifest bleeding.
- Meningococcal sepsis (Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome).
- Rickettsioses – infectious disease caused by rickettsiae.
- Typhoid abdominalis – infectious disease associated with severe diarrhea.
- Viral hepatitis (virus-related liver inflammation), fulminant.
Lassa fever
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Malaria
- Typhoid abdominalis – infectious disease associated with severe diarrhea.
- Viral hemorrhagic fever, unspecified.
Rift Valley Fever
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Brucellosis (Malta fever) – infectious disease caused by various species of the pathogen Brucella.
- Lice fever – infectious disease caused by Borrelia recurrentis and transmitted the clothes louse.
- Leptospirosis (Weil’s disease) – infectious disease caused by various species of spirochaetes.
- Malaria
- Typhoid abdominalis – infectious disease associated with severe diarrhea.
- Viral hemorrhagic fever, unspecified.
- Tick-borne relapsing fever – infectious disease caused by various species of Borrelia and transmitted by soft ticks.
West Nile fever
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Dengue fever and other arbovirus diseases.
- Malaria (in tropical regions)
- Viral and bacterial meningoencephalitis pathogens/combined inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) and meninges (meningitis) (when encephalitis symptoms).
