Respiratory System (J00-J99)
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) – progressive (progressive) airway obstruction (narrowing) that is not fully reversible (reversible).
- Pneumonia (inflammation of the lungs)
Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).
- Dehydration (lack of fluids) [esp. in old age].
- Diabetic ketoacidosis – severe metabolic derailment (ketoacidosis) in the absence of insulin) – mainly in diabetes mellitus type 1.
- Electrolyte disorders (disorders of blood salts), unspecified; e.g.:
- Hypercalcemia (excess calcium).
- Hyponatremia (sodium deficiency)
- Hypernatremia (excess sodium)
- Hyperparathyroidism (parathyroid hyperfunction).
- Hyperglycemia (hyperglycemia)
- Hypoglycemia (hypoglycemia)
- Hypoparathyroidism (hypothyroidism of the parathyroid gland).
- Cushing’s disease – group of diseases leading to hypercortisolism (hypercortisolism; excess of cortisol).
- Myxedema – pasty (puffy; bloated) skin showing non-push-in, doughy edema (swelling) that is not position-dependent; facial and peripheral; occurring primarily on the lower legs
- Thyrotoxic crisis – acute and life-threatening metabolic derailment; usually on the ground of an existing hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism).
- Wernicke’s encephalopathy (synonyms: Wernicke-Korsakow syndrome; Wernicke’s encephalopathy) – degenerative encephaloneuropathic disease of the brain in adulthood; clinical presentation: brain organic psychosyndrome (HOPS) with memory loss, psychosis, confusion, apathy, and gait and stance unsteadiness (cerebellar ataxia) and eye movement disorders/eye muscle paralysis (horizontal nystagmus, anisocoria, double vision (diplopia)); vitamin B1 deficiency (thiamine deficiency).
Cardiovascular system (I00-I99).
- Apoplexy (stroke)
- Acute cardiac arrhythmia
- Hypertensive derailment (blood pressure crisis)
- Pulmonary embolism – partial (partial) or complete obstruction of a pulmonary artery, mainly due to pelvic-leg thrombosis (about 90% of cases).
- Transient ischemic attack (TIA) – sudden circulatory disturbance of the brain, leading to neurological disorders that regress within 24 hours.
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Infections of the brain, unspecified; here in particular: septic encephalopathy (pathological changes of the brain), herpes encephalitis.
- Systemic infection, unspecified
Liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts – Pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87).
- Acute hepatic insufficiency (liver failure).
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
- Brain tumor, unspecified
Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99)
- Alcohol withdrawal
- Alcohol intoxication (alcohol poisoning)
- Dementia (global mental impairment).
- Drug withdrawal
- Drug intoxication (drug poisoning), unspecified
- Hepatic encephalopathy
- Postictal state – state following an epileptic seizure.
- Transient global amnesia (TGA) – acute onset disorder of all memory functions.
Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99).
- Desiccosis (dehydration).
- Hypoxia (lack of oxygen supply to tissues), respiratory/breathing-related and cardiac/blood-related.
- Uremia (occurrence of urinary substances in the blood above normal values).
Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – reproductive organs) (N00-N99).
- Acute renal failure (ANV)
Injuries, poisonings, and other consequences of external causes (S00-T98).
- Carbon monoxide poisoning
Medication
- Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (donezepil, galantamine, rivastigmine).
- Anticholinergics (parasympatholytics) – drugs that counteract the transmitter (transmitter) acetylcholine.
- Antidepressants, tricyclic and tetracyclic.
- Benzodiazepines – drugs that have antianxiety, central muscle relaxant, sedative, and hypnotic (sleep-inducing) effects.
- Digoxin – drug used in heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias.
- Diuretics (diuretic medications).
- Hypnotics (sleeping pills)
- NMDA-anatgonists – group of drugs that inhibit the action of the neurotransmitter glutamate.
- Opioids (strong painkillers)
- Steroids
- Other drugs see below Delir
Operations
Environmental pollution – Intoxications (poisoning).
- Intoxications, e.g.:
- Alkaloids
- Alcohol
- Hypnotics (sleeping pills)
- Carbon monoxide
- Hydrocarbons (aliphatic, aromatic)
- Opiates (painkillers such as morphine)
- Sedatives (tranquilizers)
- Hydrogen cyanide/potassium cyanide
