Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics, and obligatory medical device diagnostics – for differential diagnostic clarification
- Magnetic resonance imaging of the skull (cranial MRI, cranial MRI or cMRI) – if there is a clinical indication and if from the result actionable indications are expected.
- Encephalogram (EEG; recording of the electrical activity of the brain) – when epileptic encephalopathy is clinically suspected, Landau-Kleffner syndrome [note: findings such as “abnormal EEG” without epileptic seizures are common, but tend to be nonspecific].
Further notes
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) could be predicted as early as six months of age using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI). The procedure measures the spontaneous fluctuations in brain blood flow that occur when the brain is not performing active tasks. The scientists used machine learning software that looked for abnormalities among the 26,335 connections between 230 brain areas. The algorithm was so good that it predicted 9 of the 11 diagnoses (sensitivity 81.8%; 95 percent confidence interval 47.8-96.8%). It correctly predicted ASD in all 48 children who did not have it (specificity 100%; 90.8-100%)….
