Diseases of the esophagus are quite common. Almost everyone feels a more or less intense burning sensation in the esophagus at least once in their lifetime. The reason for this can be a variety of different diseases.
In most cases, the diseases that cause a burning sensation in the esophagus can be treated well with simple home remedies. Persons who experience a burning sensation in their esophagus over a longer period of time should nevertheless consult a specialist. If the underlying problem is not diagnosed promptly and appropriate treatment is not initiated, an esophagus that burns can lead to serious complications.
Usually, an esophagus that burns is caused by damage to the lining of the esophagus. Such mucous membrane damage can be induced by various mechanisms. Typical risk factors for the development of esophageal diseases are the regular intake of medication and the frequent consumption of acidic food and beverages.
Anatomy of the esophagus
The esophagus is a tubular structure about 20 to 30 cm long that connects the oral cavity with the stomach. Starting at the back of the oral cavity and the pharynx, the esophagus runs to a ring-shaped sphincter (upper and lower esophageal sphincter) that marks the transition to the stomach. During the act of swallowing the upper sphincter can be tensed arbitrarily.
The remaining muscles surrounding the esophagus, on the other hand, are not subject to arbitrary influence and are involuntarily controlled. The main task of the esophagus is to ensure the transport of food from the oral cavity to the stomach. The actual transport of food takes place through the descending, ring-shaped contraction of the esophageal muscles.
The passage of food through the esophagus takes only 5 to 10 seconds. Even while the food is being swallowed, nerve cells stimulate the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. For this reason, the food passage from the oral cavity to the stomach is normally continuous.
Immediately after the passage of food, the lower esophageal sphincter is closed again. In addition, the lower esophageal sphincter has a protective function. The ring-shaped muscle is responsible for preventing the acid gastric juice from rising into the esophagus (reflux).
