Causes of the borderline fault
Borderline personality disorder is a subtype of the emotionally unstable personality disorder. The causes for the development of such a disorder are manifold, there are some cornerstones to which great importance is attached. It is now assumed that not only one such cornerstone acts as a triggering factor, but that the interaction of several of these pillars leads to the development of a personality disorder of the borderline type.
It should be noted that only a small proportion of people who are exposed to such events actually develop such a disorder. The borderline type personality disorder occurs in about 1-2% of the population. At the beginning of the possible chain of causes in the development of diseases are usually the human genes.
There are also indications that certain genetic factors increase the predisposition for the development of the disease. According to the current state of knowledge, however, it is not genetic factors alone but their interaction with certain social and environmental influences. According to scientific opinion, these influences include above all traumatic experiences in early childhood, when the borderline disorder develops.
These include, for example: The decisive factor here seems to be that the perpetrator is often an important reference person in the child’s environment. The child thus experiences emotional extremes such as the need for protection and security and fear of maltreatment projected onto one and the same person, so that contradictory ways of thinking emerge, which are memorised and later also manifest themselves in their own behaviour. Accordingly, people with a borderline personality disorder in adolescence and adulthood in a relationship often fluctuate in the rapid and unpredictable change between two poles.
On the one hand there is the idealization of the partner on the other hand his devaluation. However, this does not necessarily mean that all people suffering from a borderline personality disorder come from dissociative family backgrounds. Even people who grew up in completely intact and sheltered families can develop a borderline personality disorder in the course of their lives. – emotional neglect,
- Sexual abuse and other violent experiences,
- An unstable parental home with frequent arguments
- Parents with an addiction background and pronounced impulsiveness.
Symptoms of a personality disorder
Personality disorders are characterised by the fact that the affected persons show rigid behaviour patterns and are not able to adapt these behaviour patterns in the course of time, i.e. they cannot, so to speak, learn from mistakes. In their perception, feeling and behaviour, the affected persons differ significantly from mentally healthy patients. There are several personality disorders, so the symptoms can be very different.
Borderline disease is also a personality disorder, and is referred to in the technical jargon as an emotionally unstable personality disorder. Typical symptoms can be moodiness, frequent emotional outbursts, impulsiveness, acting without consideration of the consequences, tendency to manipulate and lie, self-harm, alternation between strong clinging and pushing away and devaluing in interpersonal relationships and a recurring feeling of inner emptiness. People with a paranoid personality disorder are often suspicious, easily hurt and very sensitive to rejection.
In the case of a schizoid personality disorder, those affected tend to be socially withdrawn, have a preference for fantasy and can only show feelings to a very limited extent. In the dissocial personality disorder, social norms are disregarded, those affected show no empathy, there is a very low tolerance for frustration and a low threshold for aggressive, violent behaviour. The histrionic personality disorder is characterized by superficial emotions, theatrical-exaggerated behavior, selfishness, lack of consideration, as well as a strong morbidity and a constant desire for recognition.
Patients with an anancastic or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are perfectionist, often doubt themselves and tend to be controlling. The anxiety-preventing personality disorder is characterised by feelings of anxiety, inferiority and insecurity. There is an urgent desire for affection and acceptance and a pronounced sensitivity to criticism.
People with an addictive or asthenic personality disorder have difficulty making decisions for themselves and therefore always rely on other people to make these decisions for them. They subordinate themselves to the wishes of others, there is a strong fear of separation.
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