Products
Clonidine is commercially available in many countries as tablets and as a solution for injection and has been approved since 1970 (Catapresan). In some countries, clonidine is approved for the treatment of ADHD (eg, Kapvay sustained-release tablets). This article refers to its use in ADHD.
Structure and Properties
Clonidine (C9H9Cl2N3, Mr = 230.1 g/mol) is present in drugs as clonidine hydrochloride, a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water. It is a chlorinated imidazoline derivative.
Effects
Clonidine (ATC C02AC01) is effective against ADHD symptomatology. The effects are due to agonism at central alpha2 receptors. The exact mechanism of action is not known. Clonidine also has antihypertensive properties and was originally developed as an antihypertensive.
Indications
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ADHD.
- Hypertension
Dosage
According to the professional information. The tablets are usually taken in the morning and evening and regardless of meal times.
Abuse
Unlike stimulants, clonidine is not a narcotic, is not addictive, and is not abused as an intoxicant.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity
For complete precautions, see the drug label.
Interactions
Drug-drug interactions are possible with central depressant medications, tricyclic antidepressants, certain heart medications (eg, digitalis), and antihypertensives.
Adverse effects
Possible adverse effects include drowsiness, fatigue, respiratory infections, irritability, sore throat, insomnia, nightmares, congestion, stuffy nose, increased body temperature, dry mouth, and earache.
