Respiratory System (J00-J99)
- Allergic rhinitis – triggered by allergens such as pollen or dust mites.
- Endocrine rhinitis – for example, during hormonal changes in pregnancy or when taking hormonal drugs during menopause.
- Hyperreflective rhinitis – triggered by disturbed function of the autonomic nervous system.
- Idiopathic rhinitis – rhinitis with unknown cause.
- Postinfectious rhinitis – after viral or bacterial infections.
- Rhinitis atrophicans – inflammation due to the destruction of the mucosa after surgery or injury.
- Rhinitis in rhinoliths – rhinitis in nasal stones.
- Rhinitis sicca anterior – inflammation in the anterior part of the nose.
- Toxic-irritant rhinitis – triggered by chemicals such as chlorine or cigarette smoke.
- Nonspecific granulomatous rhinitis – rhinitis with nodules due to inflammation.
Blood, hematopoietic organs – immune system (D50-D90).
- Sarcoidosis (synonyms: Boeck’s disease; Schaumann-Besnier’s disease) – systemic disease of connective tissue with granuloma formation (skin, lungs, and lymph nodes).
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Tropical diseases – such as leprosy or leishmaniasis.
- Syphilis – sexually transmitted infectious disease.
- Tuberculosis (consumption)
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48)
- Rhinitis associated with tumors of the nasal cavity.
Medication
- Rhinitis medicamentosa – triggered by medications or active ingredients such as:
- Antihypertensives (e.g., captopril, enalapril).
- Antihistamines (eg, cetirizine).
- Alpha blockers (stimulation of α-receptors leading to vasoconstriction (vasoconstriction)).
- Decongestant nasal sprays or drops (α-sympathomimetics e.g. xylometazoline, oxymetazoline, naphazoline or phenylephrine).
- Calcium antagonists (calcium channel blockers).
- Psychotropic drugs (e.g., amitryptiline)
- Sympathomimetics (agents exist that act preferentially at α-receptors, at β-receptors, or at both types of receptors; those that also stimulate β-receptors induce vasodilation (vasodilatation)).
