Dosage forms

Tacrolimus can be used topically in form of an ointment or cream. It is often used for neurodermatitis (atopic eczema), an allergic hypersensitivity reaction (type I), in which the skin is reddened over a large area with severe itching in typical areas (especially in the area of the large bends). By applying an ointment, the inflammation in the skin can be selectively inhibited.

In contrast to glucocorticoids (cortisone) which are also frequently used in neurodermatitis, there is no skin atrophy (thin skin) and no increase of the intraocular pressure during the therapy with tacrolimus. The side effects are usually mostly limited to the skin (redness, burning, itching), since only a very small amount reaches the bloodstream. Tacrolimus is also increasingly used as a preventive measure in the eczema therapy in the last years to reduce the number of eczema attacks and to alleviate the strength of the individual attacks.

Tacrolimus can also be used as a component of eye drops for very dry eyes in the context of a non-infectious conjunctivitis (keratoconjunctivitis sicca). The effect is based on a reduction of the concentrations of inflammation-stimulating factors within the tear film. Alternatively, ciclospoprine A is often used in eye drops.

This is also an immunosuppressive agent, which has a similar mechanism of action as tacrolimus. However, first studies have shown that Tacrolimus has a clearly higher potency (stronger effect) in the treatment of a non-infectious conjunctivitis. However, since Tacrolimus has only come on the market in the last years, there is no experience yet concerning the long-term results with these eye drops.

Furthermore, Tacrolimus can also be used for inflammations of the oral mucosa (Lichen ruber planus). Lichen ruber planus is a chronic inflammation of the skin or the mucous membrane with strong itching. Tacrolimus is often a component of mouth rinses.

It acts immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory and thus leads to a decrease of symptoms in inflammations of the oral mucosa. Tacrolimus is available in the pharmacy only on prescription. The prices vary considerably between ointments (topical) and tablets (systemic).

Ointments containing Tacrolimus in different concentrations (10-50g) can be purchased from a price of about 25€. Tacrolimus preparations in form of tablets are available in different sizes (50 or 100 capsules). Prices for a pack of 50 capsules start from about 200€.