Endocarditis: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Respiratory System (J00-J99).

Bronchiectasis (synonym: bronchiectasis)-permanent irreversible saccular or cylindrical dilatation of the bronchi (medium-sized airways) that may be congenital or acquired; symptoms: chronic cough with “mouthful expectoration” (large-volume triple-layered sputum: foam, mucus, and pus), fatigue, weight loss, and decreased exercise capacity
Chronic pneumonia (pneumonia).
Otitis media (inflammation of the middle ear)
Sinusitis maxillaris (maxillary sinusitis)

Blood, blood-forming organs – immune system (D50-D90).

Hemolysis – destruction of erythrocytes (red blood cells).
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP; Werlhof’s disease) – autoantibody-mediated disorder of platelets (blood clots) with spontaneous small-spot bleeding.
Schoenlein-Henoch disease (purpura anaphylactoides) – form of spontaneous small-spotted skin bleeding that can occur after infections or drug ingestion.
Moschcowitz’s disease (thrombotic microangiopathy) – acute onset of small-spotted skin hemorrhages associated with hemolytic anemia (anemia).
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) – triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA; form of anemia in which erythrocytes (red blood cells) are destroyed), thrombocytopenia (abnormal reduction in platelets/platelets), and acute kidney injury (AKI); Mostly occurring in children in the context of infections; most common cause of acute renal failure requiring dialysis in childhood.
Sarcoidosis – systemic disease of connective tissue associated with granuloma formation.

Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).

Hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism).
Addison’s disease (adrenocortical insufficiency) – disease that leads to failure of cortisol and aldosterone production.
Porphyria or acute intermittent porphyria (AIP); genetic disease with autosomal dominant inheritance; patients with this disease have a 50 percent reduction in the activity of the enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase (PBG-D), which is sufficient for porphyrin synthesis. Triggers of a porphyria attack, which can last a few days but also months, are infections, drugs or alcohol. The clinical picture of these attacks presents as acute abdomen or neurological deficits, which can take a lethal course. The leading symptoms of acute porphyria are intermittent neurologic and psychiatric disturbances. Autonomic neuropathy is often in the foreground, causing abdominal colic (acute abdomen), nausea (nausea), vomiting or constipation (constipation), as well as tachycardia (heartbeat too fast: > 100 beats per minute) and labile hypertension (high blood pressure).
Thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid gland).

Cardiovascular system (I00-I99)

Aortic dissection (synonym: aneurysm dissecans aortae) – acute splitting (dissection) of the wall layers of the aorta (main artery), with a tear of the inner layer of the vessel wall (intima) and hemorrhage between the intima and the muscular layer of the vessel wall (outer media), in the sense of aneurysm dissecans (pathological expansion of the artery).
Leg vein thrombosis (DVT) – occlusion of a leg vein by a thrombus.
Endocarditis rheumatica
Endocarditis Libman-Sacks – form of endocarditis (endocarditis of the heart) occurring in visceral lupus erythematosus.
Endocarditis Löffler (endocarditis parietalis fibroplastica) – acute form of endocarditis (endocardial inflammation), which affects mainly the right ventricle (heart chamber).
Endocardial myocardial fibrosis
Valvular heart disease, unspecified
Cardiac arrhythmia, unspecified
Cardiomyopathy – group of diseases of the heart muscle leading to the restriction of pumping function.
Pulmonary artery embolism – occlusion of one or more pulmonary vessels by an embolus (blood clot).
Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
Myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle)
Pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium)
Papillary muscle rupture – rupture of tissue that leads in the heart for the closure of the valves.
Ventricular septal rupture – rupture of the ventricular septum.

Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).

Infective endocarditis – caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
Infections with other pathogens; e.g., meningococci.
Dengue fever – (sub-)tropical infectious disease caused by dengue virus and transmitted by mosquitoes.
Yellow fever – infectious disease caused by the yellow fever virus.
Recurrent erysipelas – recurrent acute skin infection caused by streptococci.
Tuberculosis

Liver, gallbladder and bile ducts – Pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87).

Mouth, esophagus (food pipe), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93).

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis.
Diverticulitis – infection of diverticula (protrusion of mucosa through muscle gaps in the intestinal wall).

Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99).

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly Wegener’s granulomatosis – necrotizing (tissue dying) vasculitis (vascular inflammation) of the small to medium-sized vessels (small-vessel vasculitides), which is associated with granuloma formation (nodule formation) in the upper respiratory tract (nose, sinuses, middle ear, oropharynx) as well as the lower respiratory tract (lungs)
Collagenoses (group of connective tissue diseases caused by autoimmune processes) – systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), polymyositis (PM) or dermatomyositis (DM), Sjögren’s syndrome (Sj), scleroderma (SSc) and Sharp syndrome (“mixed connective tissue disease”, MCTD).
Bekhterev’s disease (ankylosing spondylarthritis) – chronic inflammatory disease in which the spine and sacroiliac joints are predominantly affected.
Rheumatoid arthritis (synonym: chronic polyarthritis) – most common inflammatory disease of the joints.

Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).

Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – sex organs) (N00-N99).

Injuries, poisonings, and other sequelae of external causes (S00-T98).