Function
The main function of the epiglottis is to close the larynx. With each swallow, the epiglottis is placed over the opening of the windpipe, thus preventing food or liquids from entering the windpipe. During this process the larynx is pulled upwards by muscles.
The fatty body above the larynx and in front of the epiglottis is pushed backwards. The fat body in turn presses the epiglottis backwards and onto the thyroid cartilage. The chyme can then flow over the epiglottis and into the oesophagus. Another function of the epiglottis is the sense of taste. Although it cannot be compared to the tongue‘s sense of taste, it is present.
Epiglottitis
Epiglottitis is the medical term for inflammation of the epiglottis. The majority of epiglottitis is caused by a bacterial infection. The bacterium Haemophilus influenzae type b is the pathogen in almost all cases.
By means of a protective vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b, an infection and thus epiglottitis can be prevented. Vaccination is nowadays also a standard procedure in children, which is why epiglottitis occurs more frequently in unvaccinated or elderly people. More rarely, a non-bacterial inflammation of the epiglottis may occur.
Here, specific occupational groups in particular carry a high risk. If one is often exposed to chemical vapors or fine dust, the risk of chronic epiglottitis is increased. The symptoms are varied and can be life-threatening.
In most cases, the symptoms appear very suddenly and can manifest themselves within a few hours. Typical symptoms are sore throat and difficulty swallowing, shortness of breath, fever, a reduced general condition and a changed voice. An inspiratory stridor, a whistling sound when inhaled, is also often described.
In most cases there is no coughing. Due to the swelling of the epiglottis, the airway may be blocked, resulting in shortness of breath. In case of shortness of breath, it is necessary to go to a hospital, as this is an emergency. In the worst case, suffocation may occur.
