Surgical intervention for allergic rhinitis may be indicated if there is additional obstruction (obstruction of the airway) due to anatomic variations of the inner and outer nose or refractory conchal hyperplasia. Furthermore, secondary complications, such as sinusitis (inflammation of the paranasal sinuses) or otitis media (inflammation of the middle ear), may require minimally invasive surgical … Hay Fever (Allergic Rhinitis): Surgical Therapy
To prevent allergic rhinitis (hay fever), attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Diet Micronutrient deficiency (vital substances) – see Prevention with micronutrients. Repeated exposure to the triggering allergens (e.g. chlorinated water in swimming pools) Chlorinated water in swimming pools increases the risk of allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and may … Hay Fever (Allergic Rhinitis): Prevention
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate allergic rhinitis (hay fever): Nose Sneezing attacks (sneezing) Pruritus (here: nasal itching) Burning Rhinorrhea – watery secretion (runny nose; runny nose). Swelling of the nasal mucosa Nasal obstruction of breathing (NAB) or nasal obstruction. Nasal language (Rhinophonia clausa) Eyes In the foreground are symptoms of conjunctivitis (conjunctivitis): Burning … Hay Fever (Allergic Rhinitis): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (development of disease) Seasonal allergic rhinitis (pollinosis; hay fever) is an immediate-type allergic reaction (synonyms: Immediate-type allergy, type I allergy, type I allergy, type I immune reaction). The triggers are pollen or spores of extramural (“located in the organ wall”) fungi. The immune system overreacts to inhaled allergens – substances that trigger allergies – … Hay Fever (Allergic Rhinitis): Causes
Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics, and obligatory medical device diagnostics – for differential diagnostic clarification. Rhinoscopy (nasal endoscopy). Rhinoendoscopy (nasal endoscopy), possibly with biopsy/tissue removal. Sonography (ultrasound examination) of the paranasal sinuses – if sinusitis (sinusitis) is suspected. Computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses … Hay Fever (Allergic Rhinitis): Diagnostic Tests
Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (hay fever). Family history Are there any people in your family who suffer from allergy(s)? Social history What is your profession? Are you exposed to harmful working substances in your profession? Did you grow up in the countryside or in … Hay Fever (Allergic Rhinitis): Medical History
Respiratory System (J00-J99) Endocrine rhinitis – for example, during hormonal changes in pregnancy or when taking hormonal medication during menopause (menopause). Hyperreflexive rhinitis – triggered by disturbed function of the autonomic nervous system. Idiopathic rhinitis – rhinitis with unknown cause. Postinfectious rhinitis – after viral or bacterial infections. Rhinitis atrophicans – disease of the nose … Hay Fever (Allergic Rhinitis): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by allergic rhinitis (hay fever): Respiratory system (J00-J99) Bronchial asthma (pollen asthma; risk of disease in pollinosis (allergic rhinitis) is higher by a factor of 3.2 than in healthy individuals; “floor change”). Chronic sinusitis (sinusitis). Tympanic effusion (synonym: seromucotympanum) – accumulation … Hay Fever (Allergic Rhinitis): Complications
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, body weight, body height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing) [nose: watery secretions (runny nose, runny nose); swelling of nasal mucosa; eyes: redness, watery eyes, swelling of conjunctiva] Skin and mucous membranes Throat Eyes Examination of … Hay Fever (Allergic Rhinitis): Examination
Laboratory parameters of the 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests. Allergy diagnostics – Various allergy tests can be performed to determine whether hay fever is present: Prick test (skin test; method of choice): in this test, the allergens in question are applied in droplet form to the forearms. A thin needle is then used to … Hay Fever (Allergic Rhinitis): Test and Diagnosis
Therapeutic target Improvement of symptomatology Therapy recommendations Allergy cares In addition to allergen abstinence, specific immunotherapy (SIT; synonyms: allergen-specific immunotherapy, hyposensitization, allergy vaccination) should be performed as early as possible for causal therapy. Prior to this, proof of the clinical relevance of sensitization detected in the allergy test is required! Stage I (mild, intermittent symptoms): … Hay Fever (Allergic Rhinitis): Drug Therapy
