Gallbladder Cancer

Gallbladder Cancer: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts-pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87). Cholelithiasis (gallstone disease). Cholecystitis (gallbladder inflammation) Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48) Cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC, cholangiocarcinoma, bile duct carcinoma, bile duct cancer): Klatskin tumor: in this case, the tumor is located in the area of the bile ducts that exit directly from the liver (cholangiocellular carcinoma); the most … Gallbladder Cancer: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Gallbladder Cancer: Classification

TNM classification of gallbladder carcinoma. T N M X Primary tumor not assessable Lymph nodes not assessable Distant metastases not assessable 0 No evidence of tumor Lymph nodes not affected No distant metastases Tis Tumor in situ (carcinoma in situ) 1 Infiltration (penetration) of lamina propria/thin layer of connective tissue located just below an epithelium … Gallbladder Cancer: Classification

Gallbladder Cancer: Examination

A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae (white part of the eye) [occlusive jaundice* ?/ jaundice due to biliary obstruction resulting from a drainage obstruction]. Abdomen (abdomen) Shape of the abdomen? … Gallbladder Cancer: Examination

Gallbladder Cancer: Drug Therapy

Therapeutic targets Pain relief Palliative (palliative treatment) Therapy recommendations If tumor growth is limited to the gallbladder or bile ducts and adjacent liver tissue, surgery may be possible (see “Surgical Therapy” below). In advanced stages, palliative chemotherapy is the therapy of choice: combination therapy from the chemotherapeutic agents gemcitabine and cisplatin. In individual cases, radiotherapy … Gallbladder Cancer: Drug Therapy

Gallbladder Cancer: Diagnostic Tests

Mandatory medical device diagnostics. Abdominal ultrasonography (ultrasonography of abdominal organs) [safe detection of cholestasis (biliary obstruction) as the most common complication of biliary tumors] Esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (ÖGD; reflection of esophagus, stomach and duodenum). Endosonography (endoscopic ultrasound (EUS); ultrasound examination performed from the inside, i.e., the ultrasound probe is brought into direct contact with the internal surface … Gallbladder Cancer: Diagnostic Tests

Gallbladder Cancer: Surgical Therapy

1st order Cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) is sufficient only for tumor confined to the gallbladder wall without metastasis. Advanced stages must be carefully evaluated for resectability. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT; to reduce tumor mass before planned surgery) may be considered. In inoperable tumors, palliative measures (v.a. stents into the bile ducts) may provide relief. Further notes For … Gallbladder Cancer: Surgical Therapy

Gallbladder Cancer: Prevention

To prevent gallbladder cancer (gallbladder cancer), attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Diet Sweet drinks: ≥ 400 ml of soda – 2-fold risk (age- and sex-adjusted). Sugar consumption – versus the quartile with the lowest intake (mean 20.2 g day), risk was 2.0-, 2.2-, and 2.6-fold increased in quartiles … Gallbladder Cancer: Prevention

Gallbladder Cancer: Medical History

Medical history (history of illness) is an important component in the diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma (gallbladder cancer). Family history Are there any diseases in your family that are common? Social anamnesis Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). What changes have you noticed? Have you noticed any discoloration of the skin/eyes? Do you have … Gallbladder Cancer: Medical History

Gallbladder Cancer: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

Gallbladder carcinoma is often discovered as an incidental finding after cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) (about 1% of cases). The following symptoms and complaints may indicate advanced gallbladder carcinoma (gallbladder cancer): Late symptoms Palpable swelling in the gallbladder area. Occlusive icterus – yellowing of the skin and eyes due to obstruction of the bile ducts. Pressing pain … Gallbladder Cancer: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

Gallbladder Cancer: Causes

Pathogenesis (disease development) Gallbladder carcinoma develops on the floor of the dysplasia-carcinoma sequence. Etiology (Causes) Biographic causes Anatomic variants – pancreaticobiliary malunions (PBM; congenital malformations in which the pancreatic/pancreaticobiliary and biliary ducts anatomically join outside the duodenal wall/duodenum). Gender – males to females is 1: 2-3. [due tomore frequent occurrence of gallstones in females]. Behavioral … Gallbladder Cancer: Causes