Liver Cancer

Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Medical History

Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatocellular carcinoma/liver cancer). Family history Is there a history of frequent tumors in your family? Social anamnesis Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). What symptoms have you noticed? Do you have abdominal pain? Have you noticed an increase … Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Medical History

Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts-pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87). Hepatitis (inflammation of the liver), unspecified. Cirrhosis of the liver – connective tissue remodeling of the liver leading to functional impairment. Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48). Benign (benign) tumors of the liver: (Cavernous) hepatic hemangioma (most common benign tumor of the liver; it is a vascular malformation … Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Complications

The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatocellular carcinoma/liver cancer): Liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts – Pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87). Hepatic insufficiency (dysfunction of the liver with partial or complete failure of its metabolic functions)/hepatic failure. Complications of liver cirrhosis, eg. Esophageal variceal hemorrhage; frequency … Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Complications

Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Therapy

General measures Alcohol abstinence (complete abstinence from alcohol). Nicotine restriction (abstaining from tobacco use). Normal weight to strive for or maintain!Determination of BMI (body mass index, body mass index) or body composition using electrical impedance analysis. BMI ≥ 25 → participation in a medically supervised weight loss program. Falling below the BMI lower limit (from … Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Therapy

Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Examination

A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae (white part of the eye) [jaundice]. Abdomen (abdomen) Shape of the abdomen? Skin color? Skin texture? Efflorescences (skin changes)? Pulsations? Bowel movements? Visible vessels? … Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Examination

Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Test and Diagnosis

1st-order laboratory parameters-obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count Differential blood count Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein) or ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Liver parameters – alanine aminotransferase (ALT, GPT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, GOT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT, gamma-GT; GGT), alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin. Tumor markers Α-Fetoprotein (AFP)* – specific tumor marker in hepatocellular carcinoma … Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Test and Diagnosis

Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Drug Therapy

Therapeutic targets Liver transplantation (LTx) Palliative (palliative treatment) Therapy recommendations First-line therapy is total hepatectomy (complete removal of the liver) and orthotopic liver transplantation for simultaneous therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma and underlying disease. Indications: According to the guidelines (DGVS, EASL, AASLD) based on the Milan criteria (Milan criteria): radiological evaluation (foci ≤ 5 cm or … Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Drug Therapy

Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Diagnostic Tests

Mandatory medical device diagnostics. Abdominal ultrasonography* (ultrasonography of abdominal organs) – for basic diagnosis of suspected liver disease [echogenic to low-echo; about two-thirds of hepatocellular carcinomas are < 2 cm and low-echo, regardless of histologic differentiation; pay particular attention to signs of malignancy such as: Vascular infiltration or compression (exertion of pressure on a tissue) … Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Diagnostic Tests

Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Surgical Therapy

Surgical therapy is currently the only option for curative (“curative”) treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatocellular carcinoma, abbreviated HCC, or carcinoma hepatocellulare): First-line therapy is total hepatectomy (complete removal of the liver) and orthotopic liver transplantation for simultaneous therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma and underlying disease (feasible in less than 5% of patients).See also Classification/Milan criteria … Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Surgical Therapy

Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Prevention

To prevent hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatocellular carcinoma/liver cancer), attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Diet Too little fish consumption; inverse correlation between fish consumption and risk of disease. Diets high in nitrates and nitrites, such as cured or smoked foods: Nitrate is a potentially toxic compound: Nitrate is reduced to … Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Prevention

Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Radiotherapy

The following is a description of radiotherapeutic procedures depending on the primary tumor or stage of the disease: In the presence of extrahepatic (“outside the liver”) manifestations or elevated bilirubin levels, therapy may be given with: Selective internal radiotherapy (SIRT, TACE)-irradiating the tumor from withinIn one study, selective internal radiotherapy (SIRT) was compared with transarterial … Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Radiotherapy

Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

The following symptoms and complaints may indicate hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatocellular carcinoma/liver cancer): Hepatocellular carcinoma is not conspicuous by specific symptoms but by a worsening of the underlying chronic liver disease. Symptoms Abdominal discomfort – discomfort in the abdomen. Anorexia (loss of appetite) Abdominal girth gain Weight loss Icterus (jaundice) Feeling of weakness Nausea/vomiting Feeling of … Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs