Penile Cancer

Penile Cancer: Diagnostic Tests

The diagnosis of penile carcinoma can usually be made as a visual diagnosis of the primary tumor. Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics, and obligatory medical device diagnostics – for differential diagnostic clarification. Dermatoscopy (reflected light microscopy; increases diagnostic confidence). Photodynamic fluorescence diagnostics Sonography (ultrasound … Penile Cancer: Diagnostic Tests

Penile Cancer: Surgical Therapy

The diagnosis of penile cancer must be confirmed by biopsy (tissue removal) via wedge excision (surgical removal (excision) of a wedge-shaped section of tissue). Histologic (fine tissue) confirmation of the diagnosis is required to guide management if: There is doubt about the exact nature of the lesion (e.g., CIS, metastasis (daughter tumors), or melanoma) Treatment … Penile Cancer: Surgical Therapy

Penile Cancer: Prevention

HPV vaccination may be able to prevent some penile cancer (= primary prevention). To prevent penile carcinoma (penile cancer), attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Use of stimulants Tobacco (smoking) (5.9-fold relative risk; dose-dependent) Lack of sexual hygiene Prevention factors (protective factors) Early circumcision (foreskin circumcision). Ritual circumcision in … Penile Cancer: Prevention

Penile Cancer: Radiotherapy

Radiation therapy no longer plays a significant role. There have been few studies of radiation therapy with brachytherapy* with organ preservation, which has been associated with sometimes severe local complications and local recurrence rates (recurrence of disease (recurrence) at the same site). * Short-distance radiotherapy, in which the distance between the radiation source and the … Penile Cancer: Radiotherapy

Penile Cancer: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

The following symptoms and complaints may indicate penile carcinoma (penile cancer): Exophytic (cauliflower-like) tumor/papillary tumor or, less commonly, ulcerative (oozing, bleeding; further possible: nodular (nodule-like) or flat Lymphadenopathy (lymph node enlargement) in the inguinal area (groin area; advanced symptom). Preliminary stages of penile carcinoma Uncharacteristic, painless skin lesions (red or white spot; nodular changes; possibly … Penile Cancer: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

Penile Cancer: Causes

Pathogenesis (development of disease) More than 95% of all malignancies of the penis are squamous cell carcinomas (PEK). Premalignant changes/preliminary stages of PEK. Obligate precancerous lesions (precancerous lesions): high risk (approximately 10%) of developing penile carcinoma Cutaneous keratinization of the penis Penile intraepithelial neoplasia (carcinoma in situ) Bowenoid papulosis of the penis (occurs mainly in … Penile Cancer: Causes

Penile Cancer: Therapy

General measures Nicotine restriction (refraining from tobacco use). Vaccinations The following vaccinations are advised: Flu vaccination Pneumococcal vaccination Regular checkups Regular follow-up examinations for early detection of recurrence (recurrence of the disease); it should be noted that most recurrences (recurrence of the disease) occur in the first 2 years; late recurrences are not excluded, but … Penile Cancer: Therapy

Penile Cancer: Classification

Histology of penile carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma 95 % Classic squamous cell carcinoma: 48-65%, with or without keratinization. Prognosis depending on grading: 30% deceased from the disease. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (basaloid-squamous carcinoma): 4-10%, aggressive subtype with early lymphogenic metastasis; poor prognosisHPV high-risk types 16 and 18 (rarely also HPV low-risk types (e.g., HPV 6 … Penile Cancer: Classification

Penile Cancer: Examination

A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further: Inspection and palpation (palpation) of genitalia: penis and scrotum; assessment of penis: Inspection Tumor size and location [lesion?, redness?] Palpation Displacement or fixation Infiltration of glans (glans)?, urethra (urethra)? and/or corpus … Penile Cancer: Examination

Penile Cancer: Test and Diagnosis

Laboratory parameters 1st order Biopsy (tissue sampling) of the lesion as a wedge excision (surgical removal (excision) of a wedge-cut section of tissue), with intraoperative frozen section examination if necessaryConfirmation of the diagnosis is made by histology (fine tissue examination) in the H/E section (hematoxylin-eosin stain)The biopsy can be performed under regional anesthesia (penile root … Penile Cancer: Test and Diagnosis

Penile Cancer: Drug Therapy

Therapeutic target Survival benefit or longer disease-free survival. Therapy recommendations Stage pN1 (metastases/daughter tumors in one or two inguinal lymph nodes/groin lymph nodes): Chemotherapy as neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant use with taxane-containing chemotherapeutic agents (paclitaxel/cisplatin/5-FU); complete remissions (i.e., tumor is no longer detectable) are possible Fxed/exulcerated inguinal lymph nodes (inguinal lymph nodes with tumor-like change): neoadjuvant … Penile Cancer: Drug Therapy

Penile Cancer: Medical History

Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of penile carcinoma (penile cancer). Family history Social history Have you been abroad recently? Did you have sexual contact there? Have you had sexual contact with people with similar symptoms? Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). How long have the penile … Penile Cancer: Medical History