Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of insect bites. Family history Social history In what profession do you work? Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). What symptoms have you noticed? Have you noticed any painful redness and swelling on yourself? Where is this localized? Since when does … Insect Bites: Medical History
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by insect bites: Respiratory system (J00-J99) Respiratory arrest Blood, blood-forming organs – immune system (D50-D90) Hemolysis diffuse inflammation of connective tissue, which continues to spread under the skin destruction of red blood cells. Skin and subcutaneous (L00-L99). Folliculitis – inflammation of … Insect Bites: Consequential Diseases
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin and mucous membranes [painful redness; swelling; possibly lymphangitis (inflammation of lymphatic vessels)] Auscultation (listening) of the heart [due topossible secondary disease: cardiac arrhythmia]. Auscultation of the lungs [due … Insect Bites: Examination
1st order laboratory parameters – obligatory laboratory tests. Allergological examination – including skin prick test(in case of bee/wasp anphylaxis); if necessary, basophil activation test (BAT) [If the prick test remains negative even at a concentration of 100 μg/ml, an intradermal test is indicated according to the guideline]. Specific IgE antibodies – e.g., to wasp or … Insect Bites: Lab Test
Therapy goals Symptom control Prophylaxis of anaphylactic shock Therapy recommendations See below therapy recommendations on: Acute local reaction to wasp/bee sting: local therapy with glucocorticoids or antihistamines. Anaphylaxis to wasp/bee sting: Prednisolone equivalent (glucocorticoids), 100-500 mg. Epinephrine (sympathomimetics) [first-line agent.] Volume replacement: initial 500-2,000 ml (adults), 20 ml/kg (children) [agent of choice]. Long-term therapy for … Insect Bites: Drug Therapy
Medical device diagnostics are not usually required.
To prevent reaction to insect venoms, attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Disease-related risk factors. Injuries, poisonings, and other consequences of external causes (S00-T98). Insect bite Risk factors of frequent bee/wasp sting exposure Biographic risk factors Occupations Beekeeper Bakery salesman Construction worker Firefighter Gardener Farmers Truck drivers Fruit seller Forestry worker Family … Insect Bites: Prevention
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate an insect bite:Local reactions. Painful redness Swelling (< 10 cm in diameter), which usually already recedes significantly after one day Increased local reactions (about 2.4-26.4% of the population). Painful redness ≥ 24-hour swelling (> 10 cm in diameter) [severe local reaction]. If applicable, lymphangitis (lymphangitis). Mild general complaints … Insect Bites: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (development of disease) The allergic reaction to the venom (insect venom allergy) of bee/wasp (hymenoptera; hymenoptera venom allergy) is an immediate-type reaction.There is activation of mast cells (cells of the body’s own defense system that have stored certain messenger substances) and granulocytes (part of the white blood cells; defense cells) by IgE antibodies (special … Insect Bites: Causes
General measures If stung, quickly remove the stinger (scrape away with fingernail). Please consider the preventive measures (see under prevention). Review of permanent medication due topossible effect on the existing disease. Conventional non-surgical therapy methods Specific immunotherapy (SIT) with bee and wasp venom (hymenopteran venoms) (see “Hyposensitization” below)Subcutaneous specific immunotherapy for insect venom allergy (VIT, … Insect Bites: Therapy
