Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of female infertility. Family history Is there a history of frequent gynecologic conditions in your family? Social history What is your profession? Are you exposed to harmful working substances in your profession? Is there any evidence of psychosocial stress or strain due to … Female Infertility: Medical History
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by female infertility: Psyche – Nervous System (F00-F99; G00-G99). Depression (in the case of unfulfilled desire to have children) Prognostic factors Age of the woman: from the age of 30, the fertility (fertility) of the woman begins to decline. Then from … Female Infertility: Complications
Reproductive medicine treatment methods for women: Insemination (sperm transfer). In vitro fertilization (IVF) – artificial insemination in a test tube. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) – insertion of a sperm cell into the egg. Intratubal gamete transfer – Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT) – insertion of egg and sperm in the fallopian tube. In vitro maturation (IVM) … Female Infertility: Reproductive Medical Procedures
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin and mucous membranes [objective evaluation of distribution/quantity of hair: increased hairiness of terminal hair (long hair) in women according to male distribution pattern (hirsutism)?; seborrhea (oily skin)?, acne?; … Female Infertility: Examination
Laboratory parameters of the 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count Fasting glucose (fasting blood glucose) – and glucose tolerance test (oGTT) if necessary. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol Triglycerides HIV Furthermore, laboratory tests to diagnose or exclude hormonal disorders: Follicle maturation disorders (egg maturation disorders) – Causes: see below. Corpus luteum … Female Infertility: Lab Test
Therapeutic target Restoration of fertility (fertility) Therapy recommendations Follicular stimulation (stimulation of oocyte maturation) and ovulation induction (ovulation triggering) for anovulation (failure to ovulate), oligomenorrhea (menstrual tempo disorder: interval between bleeding is > 35 days and ≤ 90 days), ovarian insufficiency (ovarian hypofunction): Clomiphene (antiestrogens) (see “Further notes” below. Gonadotropins – follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) … Female Infertility: Drug Therapy
Reproductive medicine treatment methods for men: Testicular sperm extraction (TESE) – retrieval of sperm from the testis. Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) – extraction of sperm from the epididymis. If necessary, refertilization surgery – restoration of fertility (fertility) after sterilization. Reproductive medicine treatment methods for the woman: Insemination (sperm transfer) In vitro fertilization (IVF) – … Male Infertility: Reproductive Medical Procedures
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin and mucous membranes Physique Inspection and palpation (palpation) of the mammae (mammary glands) [gynecomastia?/enlargement of the mammary gland in men]. Inspection and palpation of the abdomen (abdomen), inguinal … Male Infertility: Examination
Laboratory parameters of the 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count Fasting glucose (fasting blood glucose) – and glucose tolerance test (oGTT) if necessary. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol Triglycerides HIV Hormone Diagnostics Basic diagnostics FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) [obligatory if spermatogenesis (spermatogenesis) is suspected; as serum levels of FSH rise, concentrations of … Male Infertility: Lab Test
Obligatory medical device diagnostics. Spermiogram (sperm cell examination) Scrotal sonography (ultrasound examination of testis and epididymis as well as the supplying vessels etc. to assess or exclude: Testicular size, varicocele (varicose vein hernia)?, intratesticular space requirement / tumor exclusion?) Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics … Male Infertility: Diagnostic Tests
Within the framework of micronutrient medicine (vital substances), the following vital substances (micronutrients) are used for supportive therapy of male infertility. Vitamins A, C, E Trace elements selenium and zinc [6,7] Beta-carotene L-carnitine [8,9] The above micronutrient recommendations (vital substances) were created with the help of medical experts. All statements are supported by scientific studies … Male Infertility: Micronutrient Therapy
To prevent male infertility, attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors.Behavioral Risk Factors Diet Malnutrition – diet not complete, low in vital substances* (micronutrients); too high intake of saturated fatty acids, contained in sweets, snacks, ready-made mayonnaises, ready-made dressings, ready-made meals, fried foods, breaded foods. Micronutrient deficiency (vital substances) – see prevention with … Male Infertility: Prevention
