Human Immunodeficiency Virus

AIDS (HIV): Complications

The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by AIDS: Respiratory system (J00-J99) Recurrent pneumonia (pneumonia; usually community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)); most common pathogens (in descending order): Pneumococcus, Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP); at 50%, the most common initial manifestation of AIDS disease), respiratory viruses, Haemophilus influenza, Staphylococcus … AIDS (HIV): Complications

AIDS (HIV): Classification

HIV/AIDS classification: CDC classification (CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Category Clinical stages Symptoms/diseases A Acute HIV infection Asymptomatic HIV infection Acute, symptomatic (primary) HIV infection/acute HIV syndrome (also in the history): mononucleosis-like clinical picture with short-term lymphadenopathy (swelling of the lymph nodes), fever and splenomegaly (spleen enlargement) Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (LAS) > 3 … AIDS (HIV): Classification

AIDS (HIV): Examination

A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, body weight [unintentional weight loss], height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes, pharynx (throat), and sclera (white part of the eye) [exanthema (rash), pharyngitis (pharyngitis), mucosal ulcerations (ulcers on the mucous membranes), hairy … AIDS (HIV): Examination

AIDS (HIV): Lab Test

1st order laboratory parameters – obligatory laboratory tests. Current HIV screening test (Ag-Ak combination test) [diagnostic gap: 6 weeks]. HIV 1-p24 antigen [if positive → acute HIV 1 infection likely]. Ak against HIV type 1/2 Two-step diagnostics according to the recommendations of the DVV: Serological screening with subsequent confirmatory diagnostics by antibody-based test systems such … AIDS (HIV): Lab Test

AIDS (HIV): Diagnostic Tests

Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics, and obligatory medical device diagnostics – for differential diagnostic clarification. X-ray of the chest (X-ray thorax/chest), in two planes – for suspected pneumonia (pneumonia), tuberculosis. Computed tomography of the skull (cranial CT, cranial CT or cCT) – if sinusitis … AIDS (HIV): Diagnostic Tests

AIDS (HIV): Micronutrient Therapy

A risk group indicates the possibility that the disease may be associated with the risk of vital substance deficiency (micronutrients). The complaint HIV disease indicates a vital substance (micronutrient) deficiency for: Vitamin B1 Vitamin B12 Vitamin E Selenium Zinc Within the framework of micronutrient medicine (vital substances), the following vital substances (micronutrients) are used for … AIDS (HIV): Micronutrient Therapy

AIDS (HIV): Prevention

For the prevention of HIV infection, the following protective factors are important; furthermore, attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Relative protective factors Circumcision (circumcision) for non-HIV-infected men-mitigation of HIV transmission risk by: Removal of the prepuce (foreskin, which, unlike the glans penis (glans), is abundant with cells that are targeted by HIV. … AIDS (HIV): Prevention

AIDS (HIV): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

The following symptoms and complaints may indicate HIV infection: Symptoms of acute HIV disease General feeling of illness Loss of appetite Arthralgia (joint pain) Cephalgia (headache) Diarrhea (diarrhea) Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) Exanthem (rash), maculopapular (“nodular-spotty”); truncal; occurring 3 to 6 weeks after infection (in 50% of cases). Fever Lymphadenopathy (enlargement of the lymph … AIDS (HIV): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

AIDS (HIV): Causes

Pathogenesis (development of disease) Infection with HIV can occur through unprotected coitus (sexual intercourse), contaminated blood products, or from mother to child (horizontal transmission). In the body, the virus binds to the CD4 receptor site of T helper cells and others. The virus then penetrates the infected cell and then converts the RNA into double-stranded … AIDS (HIV): Causes

AIDS (HIV): Therapy

General measures Partner management in the case of a fresh HIV infection, i.e., infected partners, if any, must be located and treated (contacts from the last three months or from the time until the last negative test must be informed). No unprotected intercourse! – unprotected anal intercourse/anal sex is the highest-risk practice for both individuals … AIDS (HIV): Therapy

AIDS (HIV): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Diseases considered for differential diagnosis in acute HIV disease:Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99). Influenza Influenza – “real” flu Diseases that are differential diagnosis at the symptomatic stage: Blood, blood-forming organs – immune system (D50-D90). Congenital immunodeficiencies such as the B- or T-cell defect. Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99). Tuberculosis (consumption). Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48) … AIDS (HIV): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis