Definition The speech center in the conventional sense is not one, but two regions in the area of the cerebral cortex, i.e. in the central nervous system. The so-called motor speech center, also called the Broca’s area after its first descriptor, and the sensory speech center, also called the Wernicke’s area. Nowadays, however, it is … Language Center
Clinical evidence of the motor speech center Lesions in the area of the motor speech center are called Broca’s aphasia. Aphasia means as much as speechlessness. Broca’s aphasia results in characteristic symptoms that make it possible to distinguish it from Wernicke’s aphasia (see below). Thus, although the affected persons can still understand what is spoken … Clinical evidence of the motor speech center | Language Center
Synonyms in the broadest sense Truncus encephali Introduction The brain stem, also called truncus encepahli, consists of the following components: Midbrain=Mesencephalon Afterbrain=Metencephalon from bridge (Pons) and cerebellum Lengthened medulla oblangata The brain stem of the brain comprises, from top to bottom, the midbrain, the bridge with the IV brain ventricle behind it and the adjacent … Brainstem
Cerebellum The cerebellum as a part of the brain lies on the brain stem at its back and is connected to it by three cerebellar peduncles (pedunculi = feet). From the rest of the brain (cerebrum), under which the cerebellum is located, it is separated by a cerebral plate (tentorium cerebelli, tentorium = tent). The … Cerebellum | Brainstem
Synonyms Neocortex, Isocortex Definition The neocortex represents the youngest part of the brain in terms of evolutionary history. It can be subdivided into four lobes, which take over different brain functions. Frontal lobe Anatomy & Function: The frontal lobe plays the central role in the initiation of motor function. In the motocortex (gyrus precentralis) the … Neocortex
Occipital lobe Anatomy & Function: In the occipital lobe, which is located in the posterior fossa above the cerebellum, lies the visual center, i.e. part of the visual system. The information comes from the retina via the optic nerve (2nd cranial nerve) into the optic chiasm (optic nerve crossing), where the information of the outer … Occipital lobe | Neocortex
Changes in the blood-brain barrier in multiple sclerosis Structural changes in the area of the blood–brain barrier lead to a loss of integrity (intactness of the blood-brain barrier), which promotes the development of various diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). In multiple sclerosis, inflammatory demyelinating processes in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) … Changes in the blood-brain barrier in multiple sclerosis | Blood-Brain Barrier
Conclusion The blood–brain barrier is therefore indispensable for the safety and functional maintenance of neurons. Sometimes it makes it difficult for drugs to be effective. If it does not function properly, it can lead to a number of neurological deficits. All articles in this series: Blood-Brain Barrier Structure Changes in the blood-brain barrier in multiple … Conclusion | Blood-Brain Barrier
Introduction The blood–brain barrier – many people have probably heard this term before and have a rough idea of what it is and what it serves. Because the name already gives it away, it is a barrier between the blood circulation and the brain, or more precisely the cerebrospinal fluid (also called nerve fluid, Latin: … Blood-Brain Barrier
Structure The blood–brain barrier consists quite simply of the walls of the small brain vessels, which are structured differently here than in the rest of the body. The endothelial cells play an important role. These are the cells that form the walls of the tiny blood vessels in the brain. These so-called capillary vessels have … Structure | Blood-Brain Barrier
Synonyms Stem ganglia, basal nuclei Introduction The term “basal ganglia” refers to core areas located below the cerebral cortex (subcortical), which are primarily responsible for controlling functional aspects of motor function. In addition, the basal ganglia control cognitive signals and are involved in processing information from the limbic system. From a neuroanatomical point of view, … Basal Ganglia
Diseases originating in the basal ganglia Dysfunctions in the area of the basal ganglia can have far-reaching consequences for motor and non-motor processes in the body. For this reason, the diseases triggered by disorders of the basal ganglia often show clinically by a pronounced symptomatology. Among the best-known diseases associated with the Basal Ganglia are … Diseases originating in the basal ganglia | Basal Ganglia