Hypercholesterolemia

Hypercholesterolemia: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

The following symptoms and complaints may indicate hypercholesterolemia (pure LDL elevation): Xanthomas (small yellowish-white skin lesions) of the skin and tendons. Eruptive xanthomas Planar xanthomas of the palms/knees Xanthelasma (symmetrical yellowish-white skin lesions on the eyelids and inner corner of the eye; incidence: <10%). Arcus lipoides corneae (synonyms: Arcus senilis, gerontoxon, Greisenbogen, Greisenring; annular opacity … Hypercholesterolemia: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

Hypercholesterolemia: Treatment

Therapy for hyperlipoproteinemia (pure LDL elevation) is based on the following pillars: Secondary prevention, that is, reduction of risk factors. Drug therapy Micronutrient therapy (vital substances) Further therapy (lifestyle change, etc.) The treatment modality for hyperlipoproteinemia depends on the level of LDL measured and the risk factors that the individual has: Risk group LDL target … Hypercholesterolemia: Treatment

Hypercholesterolemia: Causes

Pathogenesis (disease development) There are several factors that can lead to polygenic hypercholesterolemia: Genetic burden Excessive exposure to lifestyle and diet Diseases Drug side effects Depending on the limit, it affects about 20% of the population. In the familial form of hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder (autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia): Heterozygous form: with 1: 500; … Hypercholesterolemia: Causes

Hypercholesterolemia: Therapy

General measures Adjustment of existing underlying diseases to optimal levels Aim for normal weight! Determination of BMI (body mass index, body mass index) or body composition by means of electrical impedance analysis and, if necessary, participation in a medically supervised weight loss program. Nicotine restriction (refrain from tobacco use). Regular alcohol consumption increases HDL cholesterol … Hypercholesterolemia: Therapy

Hypercholesterolemia: Complications

The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by hypercholesterolemia (pure LDL elevation): Eyes and eye appendages (H00-H59). Visual disturbances Skin and subcutaneous (L00-L99) Chronic wound (poorly healing wounds). Cardiovascular system (I00-I99) Aneurysm (vascular dilatation). Apoplexy (stroke) Atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) Heart valve disease Hypertension (high blood pressure) … Hypercholesterolemia: Complications

Hypercholesterolemia: Examination

A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further: Inspection (viewing) of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae (white part of the eye). [Arcus lipoides corneae (synonyms: Arcus senilis, gerontoxon, Greisenbogen, Greisenring; annular opacity of the corneal periphery) – before … Hypercholesterolemia: Examination

Hypercholesterolemia: Test and Diagnosis

1st-order laboratory parameters-obligatory laboratory tests. Triglycerides Total cholesterol* and LDL/HDL ratio [check-up: the earlier the better]. LDL cholesterol (LDL-C)* [if LDL-C > 190 mg/dl (4.9 mmol/l), familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) must be considered; in children < 16 years of age from LDL-C > 155 mg/dl (4.0 mmol/l)] HDL cholesterol* Fasting glucose (fasting blood sugar) Thyroid parameters … Hypercholesterolemia: Test and Diagnosis

Hypercholesterolemia: Drug Therapy

Therapeutic target The therapeutic goal is to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and resultant cardiovascular disease. Notes In familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), statin therapy should be started in early childhood and adolescence (>8 years of age). This may prevent the progression of atherosclerosis (arteriosclerosis, hardening of the arteries) in the carotid artery Therapy recommendations The treatment … Hypercholesterolemia: Drug Therapy

Hypercholesterolemia: Diagnostic Tests

Optional medical device diagnostics-depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics, and obligatory medical device diagnostics-for differential diagnostic clarification. Intima-media thickness measurement – to detect subclinical atherosclerosis (arteriosclerosis, hardening of the arteries).

Hypercholesterolemia: Micronutrient Therapy

Within the framework of micronutrient medicine (vital substances), the following vital substances (micronutrients) are used for prevention: Vitamin B3 Omega-6 fatty acid gamma-linolenic acid Omega-6 fatty acid linoleic acid Secondary plant compounds daidzein, genistein and glycitein In the context of micronutrient medicine (vital substances), the following vital substances (micronutrients) are used for supportive therapy: Vitamin … Hypercholesterolemia: Micronutrient Therapy

Hypercholesterolemia: Prevention

To prevent hypercholesterolemia with LDL elevation, attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Diet Chronic overeating High caloric intake High intake of saturated fatty acids as well as cholesterol and trans fatty acids (10-20 g trans fatty acids/day; e.g., baked goods, chips, fast food products, convenience foods, fried foods such … Hypercholesterolemia: Prevention

Hypercholesterolemia: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Xanthomas (orange-yellowish, nodular to plaque-like fatty deposits in the skin) may occur together with hypercholesterolemia. Diseases that may be considered in the differential diagnosis of xanthomas: Eyes and ocular appendages (H00-H59). Xanthelasmata – expression of a local lipid metabolic disorder. Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Diabetes mellitus (diabetes). Hyperuricemia (increase in the level of … Hypercholesterolemia: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis