Adjustment of existing underlying diseases to optimal levels
Aim for normal weight! Determination of BMI (body mass index, body mass index) or body composition by means of electrical impedance analysis and, if necessary, participation in a medically supervised weight loss program.
Regular alcohol consumption increases HDLcholesterol but also triglycerides and VLDL; for these reasons, alcohol consumption should be limited (men: max. 25 g alcohol per day; women: max. 12 g alcohol per day)
Review of permanent medication due topossible effect on the existing disease.
In hypercholesterolemia, when the target LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) level cannot be adequately lowered with diet and maximal pharmacotherapy documented for 12 months
With isolated Lp(a) elevation > 60 mg/dl (ie, with normal LDL-C) but progressive cardiovascular disease (documented clinically and by imaging)
Regular checkups
Regular medical checkups
Nutritional medicine
Nutritional counseling based on nutritional analysis
Observance of the following specific nutritional recommendations:
Reduce intake of saturated fatty acids, cholesterol and trans fatty acids (contained in baked goods, breakfast cereals with added fat, French fries, dry soups, convenience foods, confectionery, snacks). Instead of animal saturated fatty acids increased intake of vegetable monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Once or twice a week fresh sea fish, i.e. fatty marine fish (omega-3 fatty acids) such as salmon, herring, mackerel.
Plant stanol and plant sterol esters – mainly available in spreadable fats – lower LDLcholesterol levels by circa 10-15%.
Daily total of 5 servings of fresh vegetables and fruits (≥ 400 g; 3 servings of vegetables and 2 servings of fruits).
Frequency: at least 150 min/week of moderate (30 min on 5 days/week) or 75 min/week of vigorous aerobic exercise (15 min on 5 days/week), or a combination thereof