Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of polyuria. Family history Is there a history of frequent kidney disease in your family? Social history Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). How long has the increased urinary output been present? Has the amount of urine been determined? Do you … Polyuria (Increased Urination): Medical History
Blood, hematopoietic organs-immune system (D50-D90). Sickle cell anemia (med: drepanocytosis; also sickle cell anemia, English : sickle cell anemia) – genetic disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance affecting erythrocytes (red blood cells); it belongs to the group of hemoglobinopathies (disorders of hemoglobin; formation of an irregular hemoglobin called sickle cell hemoglobin, HbS). Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic … Polyuria (Increased Urination): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
Therapy for polyuria depends on the cause. General measures Limited alcohol consumption (men: max. 25 g alcohol per day; women: max. 12 g alcohol per day). Limited caffeine consumption (max. 240 mg caffeine per day; equivalent to 2 to 3 cups of coffee or 4 to 6 cups of green/black tea). For nocturia (nocturnal urination): … Polyuria (Increased Urination): Therapy
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by polyuria: Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Hypernatremia (excess sodium). Hypertonicity – activity of a muscle exceeding the physiological level. Serum hyperosmolarity – increased osmotic pressure in the blood. Volume deficiency
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin and mucous membranes Auscultation (listening) of the heart Auscultation of the lungs Palpation (palpation) of the abdomen (abdomen) (tenderness?, knocking pain?, coughing pain?, defensive tension?, hernial orifices?, kidney … Polyuria (Increased Urination): Examination
Laboratory parameters of the 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count Urine status (rapid test for: pH, leukocytes, nitrite, protein, glucose, ketone, urobilinogen, bilirubin, blood), sediment if necessary. Urine volume Electrolytes – calcium, potassium Fasting glucose (fasting blood sugar) Thirst test (two-step test) – diagnostic test designed to rule out diabetes insipidus. Blood/urine … Polyuria (Increased Urination): Test and Diagnosis
Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, and obligatory laboratory parameters – for differential diagnostic clarification. Abdominal sonography (ultrasound examination of abdominal organs) – for basic diagnostics. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen (abdominal CT) – for advanced diagnostics. Computed tomography / magnetic resonance imaging of the skull … Polyuria (Increased Urination): Diagnostic Tests
The following symptoms and complaints may occur together with polyuria (increased urination): Leading symptom Polyuria (pathological/diseased increased urine output; volume varies between > 1.5-3 l/day depending on doctrine). Associated symptoms Polydipsia (pathological/diseased increased thirst; > 4 liters of fluid intake per day). Warning signs (red flags) Anamnestic information: Diabetes mellitus (in anorexia (loss of appetite) … Polyuria (Increased Urination): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
