Pathogenesis (development of disease) The pancreas (pancreas) has two important functions, an exocrine function and an endocrine function. First, it produces various digestive enzymes such as trypsinogen, amylase, and lipase. These are then released into the duodenum (duodenum) (= exocrine function). In addition to this exocrine function, the pancreas produces the vital hormones insulin and … Pancreatic Insufficiency: Causes
General measures Alcohol restriction (abstaining from alcohol), for life! Nicotine restriction (abstaining from tobacco use). Aim for normal weight! Determination of BMI (body mass index, body mass index) or body composition by means of electrical impedance analysis and, if necessary, participation in a medically supervised program for the underweight. Falling below the BMI lower limit … Pancreatic Insufficiency: Therapy
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by pancreatic insufficiency (pancreatic insufficiency): Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Diabetes mellitus Vitamin D deficiency Infectious diseases, unspecified Mouth, esophagus (food pipe), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93). Dysbiosis (imbalance of intestinal flora). Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99). Osteoporosis (bone … Pancreatic Insufficiency: Complications
In the following, “liver, gallbladder, and pancreas (pancreas)” describes diseases that are assigned to this category according to ICD-10 (K70-K77, K80-K87, K90-K93). The ICD-10 is used for the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems and is recognized worldwide. Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas (pancreas) The liver (Hepar) is the most important metabolic organ … Diseases of Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas
Hepatic insufficiency – colloquially called liver failure – (Thesaurus synonyms: Acute yellow liver atrophy; Acute hepatitis with liver failure; Acute liver dystrophy; Acute parenchymal liver degeneration a.n.k. ; Acute liver failure; Chronic yellow liver atrophy; Chronic liver dystrophy; Chronic liver failure; Coma hepaticum; Encephalopathy hepatica; Fulminant hepatitis with liver failure; Yellow liver atrophy; Hepatic decompensation; … Hepatic Insufficiency
Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of liver failure. Family history Is there a history of frequent liver disease in your family? Social history Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). Do you suffer from any brain dysfunction? Disturbance of consciousness* Euphoria, depression* Insomnia (sleep disorders) Confusion* Have … Hepatic Insufficiency: Medical History
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD; α1-antitrypsin deficiency; synonyms: Laurell-Eriksson syndrome, protease inhibitor deficiency, AAT deficiency) – relatively common genetic disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance in which too little alpha-1-antitrypsin is produced because of a polymorphism (occurrence of multiple gene variants). A deficiency of protease inhibitors is manifested by a lack of … Hepatic Insufficiency: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by liver insufficiency: Blood, blood-forming organs – Immune system (D50-D90). Bleeding, unspecified Coagulopathy (blood clot disorder) [INR > 1.5] Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Hypoalbuminemia/hypalbuminemia (decreased concentration of the plasma protein albumin in blood plasma) with ascites (abdominal fluid). Hypoglycemia … Hepatic Insufficiency: Complications
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes, oral cavity, and sclera (white part of the eye) [jaundice (jaundice); foetor hepaticus (specific breath odor (of raw liver)); flapping tremor (flutter tremor; coarse hand tremor)] … Hepatic Insufficiency: Examination
1st order laboratory parameters – obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein). Electrolytes – sodium, potassium, calcium, etc. Blood gas analysis (BGA) with lactate determination. Serum globulins Serum albumin – important protein (protein) [albumin ↓, as a sign of liver synthesis disorder]. Liver parameters – alanine aminotransferase (ALT, GPT), aspartate … Hepatic Insufficiency: Lab Test
In jaundice (synonyms: Bilirubin Metabolism Disorder; Cholaemia; Cholemia; Skin Icterus; Icterus; Conjunctival Icterus; Rubinicterus; Sclerae – Yellow; Sclerenic Icterus; Yellow Sclerae; ICD-10-GM R17: Hyperbilirubinemia, with or without jaundice, not elsewhere classified) is jaundice, which can occur as a symptom of many different diseases, especially liver disease. Sclerae (white skin of the eye), skin and mucous … Jaundice (Icterus)
Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of jaundice (jaundice). Family history Is there a history of frequent liver/gallbladder disease in your family? Are there any hereditary diseases in your family (e.g. Meulengracht’s disease, Wilson’s disease, etc.)? Social history What is your profession? Are you exposed to harmful working substances … Jaundice (Icterus): Medical History
