Therapy The therapy of bile duct carcinoma is very difficult, as the carcinomas are often diagnosed in a stage that cannot be cured (non-curative). However, healing is only possible through an operation in which the entire tumour has been removed, including the affected lymph nodes. If the tumor is too advanced and surgery is no … Therapy | Therapy bile duct cancer
Palliative therapy Palliative therapy has an important role in the treatment of bile duct cancer. Special attention should be paid to the outflow of the bile in icterus. The ERCP is available for this purpose. In this examination, a plastic tube (stent) is inserted into the narrowed bile duct and thus ensures the outflow of … Palliative therapy | Therapy bile duct cancer
Synoynme esophageal carcinoma, esophageal tumor, esophageal tumor, esophageal – Ca, beret carcinoma Definition Esophageal cancer (esophagus) is a malignant, uncontrollably fast-growing tumor that originates from the cells of the esophageal mucosa. In 80-90% of cases, there is a connection between years of consumption of high-proof alcohol (alcohol abuse) and the consumption of cigarettes. Esophageal cancer … Therapy of esophageal cancer
Therapy The treatment of patients requires intensive cooperation between the medical departments of surgery, internal medicine and radiotherapy. During therapy, the TNM classification is used as an essential decision-making aid. There are corresponding therapy guidelines for each tumor stage. Thus, three treatment goals can be described, which are considered depending on the stage. Healing of … Therapy | Therapy of esophageal cancer
Radiotherapy In most cases, esophageal cancer responds well to radiotherapy. In some cases, radiotherapy is applied before surgery (neoadjuvant) in order to reduce the tumor and make it operable. If radiotherapy is initiated after surgery (adjuvant), the risk of a recurrence of the tumor can be reduced. Even patients who have little chance of recovery … Radiotherapy | Therapy of esophageal cancer
Photodynamic therapy If other therapeutic options for keeping the esophagus open fail, a feeding tube (PEG; Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy) can be placed directly through the skin into the stomach. This treatment method is a minor surgical procedure. Under endoscopic control, a hollow needle (cannula) is first inserted through the skin into the stomach, where a … Photodynamic therapy | Therapy of esophageal cancer
Introduction Tumor markers are substances that are measurable in the blood and can indicate the presence of tumors. They are mainly produced by malignant cells in the body and can thus be a point of reference for a diagnosis. Tumor markers can either be synthesized by the tumor itself, or they can arise as a … Tumor marker
AFP The alpha1-fetoprotein serves as a tumor marker for liver cell carcinomas and germ cell tumors. It is produced in the foetus from the 4th week in the liver and serves as a transport protein. After birth, the production of alpha1-fetoprotein is almost completely stopped and can then be an indication of a tumor. In … AFP | Tumor marker
CA 15-3 Cancer antigen 15-3 is also known as mucin-1 (MUC 1) tumor marker. It is a mucin that occurs in all membranes of vertebrates. In epithelial tumors, adenocarcinomas, lymphomas or multiple myeloma, the antigen 15-3 is clearly overexpressed and can therefore be used as a tumor marker. In practice, it is used as a … CA 15-3 | Tumor marker
PSA Tumor markers are synthesis products of the tumor or the body’s own tissue and can be used for the detection of tumors. Today, many different tumor markers are known, the most important ones are explained in the text. However, due to their sometimes very low specificity, tumor markers cannot usually be used for diagnostics … PSA | Tumor marker
Synonyms in the broadest sense Therapy thyroid malignoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular thyroid carcinoma, anablastic thyroid carcinoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma Therapy Surgery is the primary form of treatment for malignant thyroid tumors. The entire thyroid gland (= radical thyroidectomy) and the regional lymph nodes, i.e. those adjacent to the thyroid gland, are removed. The operation … Thyroid cancer therapy
Complications The following complications of thyroid gland surgery can be mentioned: Neighboring structures can be injured by the operation. Irritation or injury to the recurrent nerve (= nervus recurrens des N. vagus), which runs near the thyroid gland, can lead to persistent hoarseness and difficulty breathing in. Radioiodine therapy may lead to inflammation of the … Complications | Thyroid cancer therapy
