At-risk groups for deficiency include individuals with Inadequate supply as a result of low intake and absorption. Low intake of milk and dairy products – especially ovo-vegetarians and vegans. High calcium losses – due to caffeine, high protein intake (protein intake), in chronic acidosis. Parathyroid hormone deficiency (genetic or acquired, for example, after surgery), which … Calcium: Risk Groups
The European food safety authority (EFSA) last evaluated vitamins and minerals for safety in 2006 and set a so-called Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for each micronutrient, provided sufficient data were available. This UL reflects the maximum safe level of a micronutrient that will not cause adverse effects when taken daily from all sources for … Calcium: Safety Assessment
In the National Nutrition Survey II (NVS II, 2008), the dietary behavior of the population was investigated for Germany and it was shown how this affects the average daily nutrient intake with macro- and micronutrients (vital substances). The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) are used as the basis for … Calcium: Supply Situation
The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) presented below are aimed at healthy people of normal weight. They do not refer to the supply of sick and convalescent people. Individual requirements may therefore be higher than the DGE recommendations (e.g. due to diet, consumption of stimulants, long-term medication, etc.). Furthermore, … Calcium: Intake
Functions of calcium for skeletal system and teeth: Stability of the skeletal system – in addition to the collagen matrix, calcium salts are the stabilizing factor of the skeletal system; calcium, together with inorganic phosphate in the form of hydroxyapatite, exerts support functions in bones and teeth and gives strength to the bone to maintain … Calcium: Functions
Interactions of calcium with other agents (micronutrients, foods):Various nutritive factors can lead to a negative calcium balance, whereby more calcium is excreted through the kidney and intestine than is absorbed – this calcium comes from the bones.For example, certain foods or their ingredients inhibit enteric calcium absorption. These include: High-fiber foods, such as wheat bran, … Calcium: Interactions
Hypocalcemia (calcium deficiency) may be associated with the following symptoms. Osteomalacia Cataract Trophic skin disorders Hyperreflexia Tetany Cerebral seizures A low serum calcium level likely indicates abnormal parathyroid function and is rarely due to inadequate calcium intake, as the skeleton acts as a large calcium reserve store, helping to maintain serum calcium levels within the … Calcium: Symptoms of Deficiency
