The European food safety authority (EFSA) last evaluated vitamins and minerals for safety in 2006 and set a so-called Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for each micronutrient, provided sufficient data were available. This UL reflects the safe maximum amount of a micronutrient that will not cause any side effects when taken daily from all sources … Niacin (Vitamin B3): Safety Assessment
In the National Nutrition Survey II (NVS II, 2008), the dietary behavior of the population was investigated for Germany and it was shown how this affects the average daily nutrient intake with macro- and micronutrients (vital substances). The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) are used as the basis for … Niacin (Vitamin B3): Supply Situation
The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) presented below are aimed at healthy people of normal weight. They do not refer to the supply of sick and convalescent people. Individual requirements may therefore be higher than the DGE recommendations (e.g. due to diet, consumption of stimulants, long-term medication, etc.). Furthermore, … Niacin (Vitamin B3): Intake
The most common symptoms of niacin deficiency involve the skin, digestive system, and nervous system. The symptoms are described by the 3-D symptomatology: Dermatitis* Diarrhea Dementia and eventually death * In the skin develops a symmetrical highly pigmented and scaly rash in areas exposed to sunlight. The word “pellagra” comes from the Italian term for … Niacin (Vitamin B3): Deficiency Symptoms
Risk groups for nicotinamide deficiency include individuals with: Chronic alcoholism Chronic diarrhea (Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis) Liver cirrhosis Carcinoid syndrome (increased consumption of tryptophan for serotonin synthesis). Hartnup disease (intestinal and tubular absorption disorder of neutral amino acids). Taking medications, such as certain analgesics, antidiabetics, psychotropic drugs, antiepileptic drugs, tuberculostatics, immunosuppressants, cytostatics. Pregnant women, from … Niacin (Vitamin B3): Risk Groups
Its coenzymes NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and NADP (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) are of great importance for energy production through oxidation-reduction reactions for more than 200 enzymes. NAD supports breakdown processes of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and alcohol for energy production. NADP supports breakdown processes such as the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol.Furthermore, nicotinamide is … Niacin (Vitamin B3): Functions
Interactions of nicotinamide (vitamin B3) with other micronutrients (vital substances): The coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) can be synthesized in two ways: Niacin Essential amino acid tryptophan The production of the vitamin niacin from tryptophan depends on enzymes that require vitamin B6 and riboflavin and an iron-containing enzyme. On average, 1 mg of niacin can … Niacin (Vitamin B3): Interactions
