The United Kingdom Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals (EVM) last evaluated vitamins and minerals for safety in 2003 and set a so-called Safe Upper Level (SUL) or Guidance Level for each micronutrient, provided sufficient data were available. This SUL or Guidance Level reflects the safe maximum amount of a micronutrient that will not cause … Riboflavin (Vitamin B2): Safety Assessment
In the National Nutrition Survey II (NVS II, 2008), the dietary behavior of the population was investigated for Germany and it was shown how this affects the average daily nutrient intake with macro- and micronutrients (vital substances). The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) are used as the basis for … Riboflavin (Vitamin B2): Supply Situation
The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) presented below are aimed at healthy people of normal weight. They do not refer to the supply of sick and convalescent people. Individual requirements may therefore be higher than the DGE recommendations (e.g. due to diet, consumption of stimulants, long-term medication, etc.). Furthermore, … Riboflavin (Vitamin B2): Intake
The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) presented below are aimed at healthy people of normal weight. They do not refer to the supply of sick and convalescent people. Individual requirements may therefore be higher than the DGE recommendations (e.g. due to diet, consumption of stimulants, long-term medication, etc.). Furthermore, … Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6): Intake
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is a hydrophilic (water-soluble) vitamin of the B group. It is visually distinguished from most hydrophilic vitamins by its intense yellow fluorescent color, which is reflected in its name (flavus: yellow). Historical names of riboflavin include ovoflavin, lactoflavin and uroflavin, which refer to the first isolation of this substance. In 1932, Warburg … Riboflavin (Vitamin B2): Definition, Synthesis, Absorption, Transport, and Distribution
These flavin co-enzymes are of great importance for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins – furthermore for the pyridoxine, niacin, folic acid and vitamin K metabolism.Riboflavin is also significant for the regeneration of the “glutathione system”, which occupies a central position in the “antioxidant network” of the body: Glutathione reductase is an FAD-dependent enzyme … Riboflavin (Vitamin B2): Functions
Pantothenic acid was not included in the National Nutrition Survey II (2008). Regarding the intake of pantothenic acid in the German population, data exist from the 2004 Nutrition Report of the German Nutrition Society (DGE). These data on pantothenic acid intake are based on estimates and only reflect the average intake. No statements can be … Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5): Supply Situation
The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) presented below are aimed at healthy people of normal weight. They do not refer to the supply of sick and convalescent people. Individual requirements may therefore be higher than the DGE recommendations (e.g. due to diet, consumption of stimulants, long-term medication, etc.). Furthermore, … Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5): Intake
Vitamin B6 is a collective term for all vitamin-active derivatives of 3-hydroxy-2-methypyridine.The individual pyridine derivatives are distinguished by their different substituents on the fourth carbon atom – C4. The substituents are methyl hydroxy groups, aldehyde residues or methyl amino groups. Accordingly, a distinction is made between the alcohol pyridoxine or pyridoxol (PN), the aldehyde pyridoxal … Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6): Definition, Synthesis, Absorption, Transport, and Distribution
Interactions of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) with other micronutrients (vital substances): Vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and folic acid The metabolism of homocysteine, which plays a mediating role in the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids, provides an example of the interdependence of vital substances to optimize or maintain physiological functions and thus health. Healthy individuals can metabolize … Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6): Interactions
Severe deficiency of vitamin B6 is rare. Studies have shown that thiamine is necessary for proper metabolism and function of vitamin B6. Therefore, alcoholics who are also deficient in thiamine due to low dietary intake are at highest risk of also suffering the effects of vitamin B6 deficiency. Some studies have documented abnormal electroencephalograms (EEGs) … Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6): Deficiency Symptoms
Risk groups for pyridoxine deficiency include individuals with: BMI (body mass index) – < 18.5, which means underweight. Age >= 65 years Pregnant and breastfeeding women Renal disease (chronic hemodialysis, chronic uremia, renal insufficiency). Taking medications, such as hydralazine, certain tuberculostica containing hydrazide, phenytoin, D-penicillamine, L-dopa. Chronic alcohol abuse Malnutrition or malnutrition Note on the … Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6): Risk Groups
