Thiamine (vitamin B1) occurs mainly in phophorylated form as thiamine diphosphate (TDP) or as thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). It has functions as a co-enzyme as well as independent functions. As a co-enzyme, it is required in the mitochondria (power plants of the cell) for a small number of important metabolic processes in the context of energy … Thiamine (Vitamin B1): Functions
Interactions of thiamine (vitamin B1) with other agents (micronutrients, foods): Anti-Thiamine Factor (ATF) The presence of anti-thiamine factor (ATF) in foods can lead to thiamine deficiency. This reacts with thiamine and leads to the inactivation of thiamine.Consumption of large amounts of tea and coffee – including decaffeinated coffee – as well as chewing tea leaves … Thiamine (Vitamin B1): Interactions
If less than 0.2 mg of thiamine per 1000 kcal (4.2 MJ) is consumed in the diet, the first symptoms of vitamin B1 deficiency may appear after only 4 to 10 days. Marginal thiamine deficiency is initially manifested by nonspecific symptoms, such as fatigue, weight loss, and confusional states. Clinical symptoms of thiamine deficiency include. … Thiamine (Vitamin B1): Deficiency Symptoms
Risk groups for vitamin B1 deficiency include individuals with: Deficiency and malnutrition, for example, a diet frequently high in protein and carbohydrates. Chronic alcohol abuse Malabsorption (Crohn’s disease, sprue) High black tea consumption or intake of drugs, especially antacids (both black tea and antacids inhibit the absorption of thiamine). Chronic hemodialysis Diabetic acidosis Severe acute … Thiamine (Vitamin B1): At-Risk Groups
The European food safety authority (EFSA) was unable to derive a safe maximum daily intake due to a lack of human studies with very high doses of vitamin B1. There are no reports of adverse effects from excessive intake of vitamin B1 from food or supplements. In studies, no side effects occurred with a daily … Thiamine (Vitamin B1): Safety Assessment
In the National Nutrition Survey II (NVS II, 2008), the dietary behavior of the population was investigated for Germany and it was shown how this affects the average daily nutrient intake with macro- and micronutrients (vital substances). The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) are used as the basis for … Thiamine (Vitamin B1): Supply Situation
The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) presented below are aimed at healthy people of normal weight. They do not refer to the supply of sick and convalescent people. Individual requirements may therefore be higher than the DGE intake recommendations (e.g., due to dietary habits, consumption of stimulants, long-term medication, … Thiamine (Vitamin B1): Intake
