Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of early summer meningoencephalitis. Family history Social history What is your occupation? Do you frequently spend time in wooded areas? Are you thereby protected by adequate clothing or repellents (insect repellents )? Current medical history / systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). Have … Early Summer Meningoencephalitis: Medical History
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99). Other viral or bacterial infections such as those caused by herpes simplex virus. BoDV-1 meningoencephalitis (combined inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) and meninges (meningitis)) – is caused by “Bornea disease virus 1”; a zoonosis (animal disease) endemic in parts of Germany: considered to be the cause of Bornea disease, especially … Early Summer Meningoencephalitis: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
The Early Summer Meningoencephalitis (TBE) vaccination is recommended by the Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) of the Robert Koch Institute only for risk areas in Germany or tick exposure in TBE risk areas outside Germany. The TBE vaccine is an inactivated vaccine.TBE (early summer meningoencephalitis) is triggered by flaviviruses and transmitted by ticks. Risk areas … Early Summer Meningoencephalitis Vaccination
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be co-morbid with early summer meningoencephalitis (TBE): Psyche – Nervous System (F00-F99; G00-G99). Emotional lability Concentration problems Reduced stress tolerance Balance disorders Neurasthenic syndrome with emotional lability and decreased stress tolerance. Paresis (paralysis) Further Persistent pain (including due to cramping of the bladder and … Early Summer Meningoencephalitis: Complications
Pathogenesis (disease development) Early summer meningoencephalitis is caused by the TBE virus (from the Flaviviridae family), which is transmitted by ticks. In rare cases, transmission may also occur through infected goat or sheep milk. The main virus reservoir is small animal rodents of the forest and meadows. The viruses first infect the Langerhans cells in … Early Summer Meningoencephalitis: Causes
General measures Tick removal tips: Follow these steps during and after tick removal: If tick is present, immediately grasp tick by the head with tick forceps or tweezers and remove without twisting. Pull the tick out slowly, but do not jerk the animal. Hold it in place for a minute while pulling gently. Usually the … Early Summer Meningoencephalitis: Therapy
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, body weight, body height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes, pharynx (throat), and sclera (white part of the eye) [inspection of skin looking for tick bites and skin lesions]. Palpation (palpation) of the … Early Summer Meningoencephalitis: Examination
1st order laboratory parameters – obligatory laboratory tests. Antibody to TBE virus: TBE-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibody in serum (can also be determined from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)). Approximately 2-4 weeks after tick bite are found serologically to the first TBE-specific IgM antibodies, about 1-2 weeks later also specific IgG antibodies. [if specific IgM … Early Summer Meningoencephalitis: Test and Diagnosis
Therapeutic targets Relief of symptoms Prevention of secondary diseases Therapy recommendations There is no causal therapy for TBE! Symptomatic therapy (a causal antiviral therapy (drugs against the causative virus) does not exist). Analgesics/pain relievers for headache (acetaminophen or metamizole)/antipyretics (antipyretic medications) or antiphlogistics (anti-inflammatory medications; diclofenac or ibuprofen) Antiemetics (drugs against nausea and vomiting). Antiepileptic … Early Summer Meningoencephalitis: Drug Therapy
Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics, and obligatory medical device diagnostics – for differential diagnostic clarification. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); computer-assisted cross-sectional imaging method (using magnetic fields, i.e., without X-rays) – especially well suited for changes in the brain and spinal cord: e.g., for differential … Early Summer Meningoencephalitis: Diagnostic Tests
TBE vaccination is the most important and effective preventive measure. Furthermore, to prevent early summer meningoencephalitis, attention must be paid to reducing risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Staying in wooded areas without adequate clothing or protection by repellents (insect repellent). Risk groups Forester Kindergarten children in the forest kindergarten Forest workers Hiker Prophylaxis As prophylaxis … Early Summer Meningoencephalitis: Prevention
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate early summer meningoencephalitis (TBE): In approximately 70% of patients, TBE manifests with a two-phase fever course…. Early phase symptoms (like summer flu) [approximately 1-week prodromal phase (precursor phase of illness)]. Cephalgia (headache) Catarrh – mild inflammation of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. Moderate fever Nausea (nausea)/vomiting … Early Summer Meningoencephalitis: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
