Synonyms in a broader sense
Learning, learning ability, learning requirements, memory, memo ability, lifelong learning, learning problems, learning difficulties,
Definition
In order to acquire knowledge, to develop mental and physical abilities and skills, man must learn. To be able to learn, the ability to remember, i.e. the memory, is a basic prerequisite. However, learning implies more than just storing information.
In particular, the perception of the environment and the recognition of certain regularities in connection with interpreting, exploring and arranging certain relationships play an important role. Since the human being learns in one way or another throughout his or her life (“life-long-learning”), the development of an individual personality can be considered the goal of learning. There are different scientific fields that deal with the term “learning”.
Especially when problems with learning occur, it seems important to deal with the different areas. At this point the most important scientific branches are listed and briefly interpreted to get a first overview. These branches have their respective meaning for the different learning problems (see link bar) and will be included in the detailed discussion in the individual areas.
Neurobiology Neurobiology considers the nature of the nervous system in the neuronal and molecular area. It examines the functioning of individual nerve cells, but also their interactions and their outcomes. With regard to the field of learning, this means that the processes taking place in the brain during learning are observed and examined more closely. Learning Psychology Learning Psychology deals with the psychological processes and basics of learning. Didactics Didactics covers the theory and practice of learning and teaching.
Performance problems – Learning difficulties
At the center of all learning difficulties are usually performance problems, which usually become apparent when children interact with peers. Here, individual performance is compared with the performance of other children, usually the kindergarten group or school class. One speaks of the social reference norm.
Is this analysis sufficient to speak of a learning disability, of problems in learning? If you answer this question with YES, then briefly think about the following facts: Primary school class – This is a group of children of (relatively) the same age with a performance range that extends at least from the potential high school student to the potential high school student or special education student. While some children are weaker in many areas in relation to the social norm, there are those whose performance is generally above average, but who are conspicuous in certain areas.
The individual reference norm must therefore be added to the above-mentioned social reference norm: Actually Fritzchen is very good (in comparison to his class = social reference norm), but he has big (individual) problems in spelling. Especially in school, children are compared in relation to binding learning goals. The student is seen as an individual and his or her performance is measured against the learning goal (factual reference standard). and learning disabilities in children