Definition
The metacarpals are located between the carpal bones and the three phalanges (or two phalanges of the thumb). These can break as a result of trauma, for example, a punch or a fall on the hand. This means that the bone has a continuity interruption.
The bone fragments may also be displaced (dislocated). If the bone fracture is visible open in the wound, it is called an open fracture, otherwise it is a closed fracture. The fractures of the 1st metacarpal bone, which belongs to the thumb, are called extra (Winterstein, Bennet and Rolando fracture). If the fracture is not dislocated, immobilization in plaster is often sufficient, otherwise it must be straightened and splinted in an operation.
Causes of a metacarpal fracture
A fracture in a person without previous illnesses is caused by the use of force, such as absorbing a fall with the now broken hand or by a blow. The fracture of the 5th metacarpal bone (close to the body of the little finger) is also called “boxer’s fracture”. If the bone is already damaged by itself, for example by osteoporosis (with reduced bone density), by a bone cyst, a tumor or a bone metastasis of another tumor, the metacarpal bone can break even with a minor impact, for example when bumping against the edge of a piece of furniture. This topic may also be of interest to you: Active against osteoporosis
Associated symptoms
A fracture of a metacarpal bone can cause pain, especially pressure pain and pain during movement. The hand can also swell. Sometimes the interruption or protrusion of the bone can already be seen or felt from the outside.
The affected area may be abnormally mobile. In addition, when moving the broken bone, a rubbing of the two ends of the bone can be heard, so-called crepitations. Depending on the type of fracture, an open wound may also be present.
Often there is an accompanying swelling in a metacarpal fracture, since blood vessels are injured in addition to the bone. Blood can leak out at these points and lead to swelling, as well as to a blue discoloration (“blue spot”). The lymphatic system can also be affected, and with it the transport of tissue fluid back to more central areas of the body and blood vessels.
Most fractures are very painful immediately after the fracture. Sometimes the pain can also be burning. Especially when the affected hand is moved, the hand hurts a lot – so the body warns against continuing to use the broken hand. Also touches are felt as very unpleasant.
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