Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, and laboratory diagnostics – for differential diagnostic clarification.
- Psychophysical olfactometry (measurement of olfaction) by means of so-called “Sniffin’ Sticks”.
- Nasal endoscopy (nasal endoscopy; nasal cavity mirroring) or endoscopy (mirroring) of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx incl. inspection (viewing) of the olfactory fissure and the base of the skull possibly with biopsy (tissue sampling)[eg. B. Septum deviation (nasal wall curvature), synechiae (adhesions) or mechanical obstruction of the olfactory fissure; if necessary, evidence of chronic rhinosinusitis such as pus road, polyposis nasi / nasal polyps]
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the skull (cranial MRI or cMRI) to visualize the paranasal sinuses (NNH), the frontal brain with a special view of the olfactory fissure, the bulb and tractus olfactorius and the skull base – to exclude an olfactory meningioma or esthesioneuroblastoma.
- Computed tomography of the skull (cranial CT or.cCT).
- (Endo) sonography (ultrasound)
- Olfactory evoked potentials (OEP) derived from the electroencephalogram (EEG; “brain waveform”) or electroolfactogram (EOG) derived from the olfactory mucosa.
