Gout is a metabolic disease in which metabolic breakdown products are produced and crystals are formed. These crystals consist of the salt of uric acid and can be deposited in the joints, bursae or tendons, where they can lead to painful inflammation. Uric acid is formed when purines are broken down.
These are found in our food, among other things, but they also take over important functions in our organism and are important components of our cells. When purines are broken down, uric acid can be produced, which is normally excreted via the kidneys. High concentrations of uric acid can lead to crystallization and urate.
The salt of uric acid is then deposited in the organism. A distinction is made between the primary form of gout, which is directly caused by a kidney dysfunction or an enzyme defect, and the secondary form of gout, in which another underlying disease is responsible for the accumulation of uric acid. Some of the rheumatic diseases are also counted among the metabolic joint diseases.
Gouty arthritis
The uric acid that precipitates at high concentrations creates crystals that can be deposited in the joints, among other things. The circulation situation in the lower extremity often initially affects the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe. During the first attacks of gout, usually only one joint is affected in isolation; the inflammation can later spread to several joints.
An acute attack of gout manifests itself in joint pain, swelling, painful restriction of movement and possibly redness. The inflammation in the joint can cause long-term damage to the cartilage and lead to arthrosis. The acute joint inflammation caused by the urate crystals is also known as gouty arthritis.
It can be caused by stress, a purine-rich diet or overloading of the affected joints. During gouty arthritis, the joint should be spared and relieved, and cooled if necessary. It is important in gouty arthritis to ensure a balanced diet and a sufficient amount to drink. Medication should be taken urgently to prevent the development of arthrosis.
