Side effects of glucocorticoids

The possible side effects that can result from a long lasting or high-dose intake of glucocorticoids are directly related to the main effects. If there is an excess of glucocorticoids in the body, Cushing’s disease can develop. In general, there is an individual dose for each patient, and care must be taken to ensure that it does not exceed the maximum threshold.

This is called the Cushing’s dose. Since glucocorticoids interfere with bone metabolism, a dose that is too high or one that is taken for too long can lead to osteoporosis. The increased sugar as a metabolic end product often leads to an increase in blood sugar levels or to high blood pressure.

In addition, water may be stored in the cells (edema), muscle breakdown and therefore a decrease in muscle strength. Due to the influence on the fatty tissue, the fat is redistributed in the body. This manifests itself for example in the typical “full moon face” or in trunk obesity. In children, growth can be restricted. Due to the anti-inflammatory effect, it can also lead to a strong weakening of the immune system.

Classes of synthetic glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids that are added to ointments can usually be assigned to the most effective class. This must be the case because the ointment must work through the skin and much of its actual effect is already lost. Ointments with glucocorticoids are used for eczema, progressive psoriasis, skin allergies and skin inflammations.

For hairy skin there are corresponding tinctures with glucocorticoids. Further indications may be itching or severe sunburn. The ointments should not be applied to large areas or applied for too long a period.

The side effects here are usually intolerance reactions. The aim of topical (local) application of a glucocorticoid ointment is therefore to have an anti-inflammatory effect as quickly as possible without damaging the skin too much. However, it is very important not to apply the ointment too extensively or to an open wound. The undesirable side effects can increase in this case.