Respiratory System (J00-J99)
- Allergic rhinitis (allergic rhinitis; hay fever).
- Bronchial asthma
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS; simultaneous inflammation of the nasal mucosa (“rhinitis”) and the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses (“sinusitis“)).
Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).
- Andropause (male menopause)
- Hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism)
- Climacteric (menopause in women; eg, hot flashes).
Factors affecting health status and leading to health care utilization (Z00-Z99).
- Burnout syndrome
Cardiovascular system (I00-I99)
- Apoplexy (stroke)
- Heart failure (cardiac insufficiency)
Mouth, esophagus (esophagus), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93).
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (synonyms: GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD); gastroesophageal reflux disease (reflux disease); gastroesophageal reflux; reflux esophagitis; reflux disease; reflux esophagitis; peptic esophagitis) – inflammatory disease of the esophagus (esophagitis) caused by the pathological reflux of acidic gastric juice and other gastric contents [75% of cases no typical symptoms! Irritation of the throat, hoarseness, cough, “asthma”]
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99).
- Fibromyalgia (fibromyalgia syndrome) – syndrome that can lead to chronic pain (at least 3 months) in several regions of the body.
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
- Brain tumors
Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99)
- Alcohol dependence
- Anxiety disorders
- Bipolar disorder (manic-depressive disorder)
- Huntington’s disease (synonyms: Huntington’s chorea or Huntington’s disease; older name: St. Vitus’ dance) – genetic disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance characterized by involuntary, uncoordinated movements accompanied by flaccid muscle tone.
- Chronic pain
- Dementia
- Depression
- Drug addiction
- Dystonia – umbrella term for neurological disorders in which the mobility of certain regions of the body is disturbed, without this disturbance can be influenced at will.
- Epilepsy – neurological disease that leads to seizures.
- Fatal familial insomnia (lethal familial insomnia) – genetic disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance; spongiform encephalopathy (TSE); characterized by refractory insomnia with dreams and hallucinations; motor disturbances and possibly dementia occurring late in the course.
- Hereditary ataxia – autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant inherited (ADCA = autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias) disorders of movement (ataxias); symptoms include increasing gait unsteadiness, fine motor dysfunction, slurred speech, and eye movement disorders
- Idiopathic insomnia – sleep disturbance with no apparent cause.
- Mania (pathological high spirits)
- Meningitis (meningitis)
- Meningoencephalitis – inflammation of the meninges and brain.
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Parkinson’s disease
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) – neurological disease that causes multiple damages to the central nervous system due to a chronic inflammatory response.
- Narcolepsy – disease that usually begins in childhood and leads to short sleep seizures.
- Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) – characterized by obstruction or complete closure of the upper airway during sleep; most common form of sleep apnea.
- Parasomnia (nightmares, Pavor nocturnus and sleepwalking/somnabulism).
- Parkinson’s syndrome – neurological disease (extrapyramidal syndrome resulting from degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra).
- Polyneuropathies – diseases of the peripheral nervous system affecting multiple nerves.
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
- Psychosis
- Psychophysiological insomnia – insomnia due to emotional tension.
- Restless legs syndrome (restless legs syndrome).
- Schizophrenia – psychiatric disorder that causes changes in thoughts, perception and behavior.
- Central sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) – characterized by repeated respiratory arrests due to lack of respiratory muscle activation (episodic inhibition of respiratory drive).
Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99)
- Nocturia (nocturnal urination).
- Pruritus (itching)
- Pain, unspecified (e.g., in chronic diseases).
Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – reproductive organs) (N00-N99).
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH; benign prostatic enlargement) → nocturia (increased urination at night).
Injuries, poisonings, and other consequences of external causes (S00-T98).
- Traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99)
- Alcohol dependence
- Anxiety disorders
- Bipolar disorder (manic-depressive disorder)
- Huntington’s disease – genetic disorder that causes, among other things, sweeping movements of the extremities.
- Chronic pain
- Dementia
- Depression
- Drug addiction
- Dystonia – umbrella term for neurological disorders in which the mobility of certain regions of the body is disturbed, without this disturbance can be influenced at will.
- Epilepsy – neurological disease that leads to seizures.
- Fatal familial insomnia – genetic disorder leading to progressive insomnia.
- Hereditary ataxia – movement disorders due to genetic condition (symptoms: increasing gait unsteadiness, fine motor disturbance, slurred speech and eye movement disorders).
- Idiopathic insomnia – sleep disorder with no apparent cause.
- Mania (pathological high spirits)
- Meningitis (meningitis)
- Meningoencephalitis – combined inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) and meninges (meningitis).
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) – neurological disease that leads to multiple damage to the central nervous system due to a chronic inflammatory response.
- Narcolepsy – disease that usually begins in childhood and leads to short sleep seizures.
- Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) – characterized by obstruction or complete closure of the upper airway during sleep; most common form of sleep apnea.
- Parasomnia (nightmares, Pavor nocturnus and sleepwalking/somnabulism).
- Parkinson’s syndrome – neurological disease (extrapyramidal syndrome resulting from degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra).
- Psychosis
- Psychophysiological insomnia – insomnia due to emotional tension.
- Restless legs syndrome (syndrome of restless legs)/syndrome of nocturnal periodic leg movements.
- Schizophrenia – psychiatric disorder that causes changes in thoughts, perception, and behavior.
- Sleep apnea syndrome – repeated cessations of breathing during sleep.
- Central sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) – characterized by repeated respiratory arrests due to lack of activation of respiratory muscles (episodic inhibition of respiratory drive).
Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99)
- Nocturia (nocturnal urination).
- Pain, unspecified (e.g., in chronic disease).
Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – reproductive organs) (N00-N99).
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH; benign prostatic enlargement) → nocturia (increased urination at night).
Injuries, poisonings, and other consequences of external causes (S00-T98).
- Traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Medication
- See “Causes” under medications