Summary
Osteoporosis can be promoted by several factors, such as vitamin D and calcium deficiency, little exercise, obesity, bone disease or hereditary factors. After the diagnosis it is important to improve the calcium and vitamin D household and to reduce the harmful factors. Sport and exercise help to nourish the bones and ensure that the muscles are well developed in order to avoid changes in static.
Physiotherapeutic training is enormously important in the further course of osteoporosis to avoid a typical hunchback due to changes in the spine. Likewise fall training, m. H. should be done from thick mats or with coordination, balance and reaction training to make the patient safer in everyday life. Integration into a group and a lot of education about the disease is also important to find a normal everyday life and not to feel alone through group therapy.
All therapy options ensure that osteoporosis is not stopped but slowed down. The maximum bone mass is formed in the 20th -30th year of life and already from the 40th year of life a reduction of bone mass can be observed. The bone tissue is controlled throughout the life of the patient by the build-up and breakdown of osteoblasts (build-up) and osteoclasts (breakdown).
Important for the metabolism is the calcium–vitamin D household and especially for women the hormone estradiol. Until the onset of the menopause, there is therefore a regular build-up and breakdown of bones, which is reduced by the reduction of the hormone at the onset of the menopause. Osteoporosis is divided into primary and secondary osteoporosis.
Primary osteoporosis includes type 1=post-climatic osteoporosis and type 2=age-related osteoporosis. In type 1 osteoporosis, the osteoclasts are increasingly activated, which primarily affects a certain area of the bone (horizontal trabecula) and can lead to a spontaneous fracture. In type 2 osteoporosis, a reduction in osteoblast activity is observed, i.e. the build-up can no longer take place.
In secondary osteoporosis, it is the factors that also represent risk factors for osteoporosis: genetic disposition, other bone diseases, chronic intestinal diseases with appropriate permanent medication, thyroid disorder, eating disorder and certain other medications. In order to diagnose osteoporosis with certainty, a bone density measurement is made to rule out other diseases, such as metastases.
