Products Chewing gums with active pharmaceutical ingredients are available in pharmacies and drugstores. In many countries, only a few pharmaceuticals are approved as chewing gums. Most belong to other product categories, for example, confectionery, dietary supplements, or dental care products. Structure and properties Active ingredient-containing chewing gums are solid single-dose preparations with a base mass … Chewing Gums
Definition Pharmaceutical agents are excreted primarily in the urine and, via the liver, in the bile in the stool. When excreted via the bile, they re-enter the small intestine, where they may be reabsorbed. They are transported back to the liver via the portal vein. This repetitive process is called the enterohepatic circulation. It prolongs … Enterohepatic Circulation
Symptoms The possible symptoms of shigellosis include: Watery or bloody, mucopurulent diarrhea. Inflammatory colitis (colitis). Dehydration Fever Abdominal pain, cramps Painful urge to defecate Nausea, vomiting The disease often occurs in children and usually lasts about a week. The severity varies and depends on the pathogen. Rarely, severe complications such as colonic perforation and hemolytic … Shigellosis
Products Coffee charcoal is commercially available in Germany as an oral powder (Carbo Königsfeld). It is not registered as a drug in many countries. Structure and properties Coffee charcoal is obtained from the green, dried coffee beans of -species by roasting until charred and grinding. Effects Coffee charcoal (ATC A07XP) has absorbent and astringent properties. … Coffee Charcoal
Mushroom The green tuberous-leaf mushroom of the Amanitaceae family is native to Europe and grows under oaks, beeches, sweet chestnuts and other deciduous trees. It is also found on other continents. The fruiting body is white and the cap has a greenish color. The less poisonous fly agaric also belongs to the same family. Ingredients … Green Amanita Mushroom
Products Moxifloxacin is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets, as an infusion solution, and eye drops (Avalox, Vigamox eye drops). It has been approved in many countries since 1999. Generic versions of the tablets went on sale in 2014. This article refers to oral administration; see also moxifloxacin eye drops. Structure and properties … Moxifloxacin
Most common mechanism of action Most drugs bind to a macromolecular target structure called a drug target. These are usually proteins such as receptors, transporters, channels, and enzymes, or nucleic acids. For example, opioids interact with endogenous opioid receptors to relieve pain. Targets can also be exogenous structures. Penicillins inhibit bacterial enzymes responsible for building … Mechanism of Action
Products Dimercaptopropanesulfonic acid is commercially available in some countries as a solution for injection and in capsule form (Dimaval). Structure and properties Dimercaptopropanesulfonic acid or DMPS (C3H8O3S3, Mr = 188.3 g/mol) exists in the drug as a sodium salt and monohydrate. It is a dithiol and a sulfonic acid structurally related to dimercaprol. Effects DMPS … Dimercaptopropanesulfonic Acid (DMPS)
Products Black Masks (peel-off) are available from various suppliers in retail and specialty stores and web stores. On the Internet, instructions circulate on how to make Black Masks yourself with white glue, glue and activated carbon. However, from our point of view, this is strongly discouraged. Structure and properties A Black Mask is a black … Black Mask
Definition Emergency medications for self-treatment are drugs that are administered in a medical emergency by patients themselves, their relatives, or other instructed persons. They allow rapid and adequate drug therapy of severe to life-threatening conditions without the need for a health care professional to be present. As a rule, the patient should seek medical treatment … Emergency Medication for Self-Treatment
Products Brodifacoum is found in mouse and rat poisons. Structure and properties Brodifacoum (C31H23BrO3, Mr = 523.4 g/mol) is a brominated coumarin (4-hydroxycoumarin) and warfarin derivative. It was developed because resistance occurred with the use of warfarin. Brodifacoum exists as an off-white to beige powder that is sparingly soluble in water. The melting point is … Brodifacoum
Definition When two or more drugs are combined, they may affect each other. This is especially true with regard to their pharmacokinetics (ADME) and effects and adverse effects (pharmacodynamics). This phenomenon is called interaction and drug-drug interaction. Interactions are usually undesirable because they can lead to, for example, loss of efficacy, side effects, poisoning, hospitalization, … Interactions
